金刚般若波罗密经—译文及翻译

金刚般若波罗密经—译文及翻译

学佛者译  

The Vajracchedika-prajna-paramita Sutra

  金刚般若波罗密经

  法会因由分第一

  THE REASONS FOR THE DHARMA ASSEMBLY, ONE

  

  Thus I have heard.

  如是我闻。

  Once upon a time, the Buddha sojourned in the Jetavana park near Sravasti with an assembly of twelve hundred and fifty bhiksus.

  一时佛在舍卫国。祗树给孤独园。与大比丘众。千二百五十人俱。

  One day, at mealtime, the World Honored One put on His robe, took His bowl, and entered the great town of Sravasti to beg for His food.

  尔时,世尊食时,著衣持钵,入舍卫大城乞食。

  He had begged from door to door, He returned to His place.

  于其城中,次第乞已,还至本处。

  When He had taken His meal, He put away His robe and bowl, washed His feet, arranged His seat and sat down.

  饭食讫,收衣钵,洗足已,敷座而坐。

  

  善现祈请分第二

  SUBHUTI’S REQUEST, TWO

  At the time, the elder Subhuti who was in the assembly, rose from his seat,

  时,长老须菩提在大众中即从座起,

  uncovered his right shoulder,

  偏袒右肩,

  knelt upon his right knee,

  右膝著地,

  respectfully joined the palms of his hands and said to the Buddha:

  合掌恭敬而白佛言:

  "It is very rare, O World Honoured One!

  希有!世尊!

  "how well the Tathagata protects and thinks of all Bodhisattvas; how well He instructs all the Bodhisattvas.

  如来善护念诸菩萨,善付嘱诸菩萨。

  "O World Honoured One,

  世尊!

  "when virtuous men or women develop the supreme-enlightenment mind,

  善男子、善女人,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心

  "how should their minds abide and how should they be subdued?"

  应云何住?云何降伏其心?

  The Buddha said:

  佛言:

  "Excellent, excellent, Subhuti!

  善哉,善哉。须菩提!

  "As you say, the Tathagata protects, cherishes and instructs Bodhisattvas so well.

   如汝所说:如来善护念诸菩萨,善付嘱诸菩萨,

  "Now listen attentively and I will tell you how the minds of virtuous men and women,

  汝今谛听!当为汝说:善男子、善女人,

  "who develop the supreme enlightenment mind,

  发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心,

  "should thus abide and be subdued."

  应如是住,如是降伏其心。

  (Subhuti replied:) "Oh yes, World Honored One, I shall be glad to hear (your instruction)."

  唯然。世尊!愿乐欲闻。

  

  大乘正宗分第三

  THE ORTHODOX DOCTRINE OF THE GREAT VEHICLE, THREE

  The Buddha said: "Subhuti,

  佛告须菩提:

  "all Bodhisattvas and Mahasattvas should subdue their minds as follows:

  诸菩萨摩诃萨应如是降伏其心!

  "All living beings born from eggs, wombs, humidity or by transformation

   所有一切众生之类:若卵生、若胎生、若湿生、 若化生;

  "with or without form,

  若有色、若无色;

  "either thoughtful or thoughtless,

  若有想、若无想、

  "and neither thoughtful nor thoughtless

  若非有想非无想,

  "are all led by me to the final nirvana for the extinction of reincarnation

  我皆令入无余涅槃而灭度之。

  "Although immeasurable, uncountable and unlimitable numbers of living beings are thus led to (the final nirvana for) the extinction of reincarnation,

  如是灭度无量无数无边众生,

  "it is true that not a living being is led there.

  实无众生得灭度者。

  "Why so, Subhuti?

  何以故? 须菩提!

  "(Because) if a Bodhisattva (still) clings to the false notion (laksana) of

  an ego, a personality, a being and a life, he is not ( a true) Bodhisattva.

  若菩萨有我相、人相、众生相、寿者相,即非菩萨。

  

  妙行无住分第四

  WONDERFUL PRACTICE IS TO NOT RELY ON ANYTHING, FOUR

  "Furthermore, Subhuti,

  复次,须菩提!

  "a Bodhisattva’s mind should not abide anywhere when giving alms;

  菩萨于法,应无所住,行于布施,

  "that is to say, he should give without a mind abiding in form,

  所谓不住色布施,

  "or he should give without a mind abiding in sound, or in smell, or in taste, or in touch or in things .

  不住声香味触法布施。

  "Subhuti thus a Bodhisattva should give alms without a mind abiding in false notions of form (laksana)

   须菩提!菩萨应如是布施,不住于相。

   "Why?

   何以故?

  "(Because) if a Bodhisattva’s mind does not abide in forms. (laksanas) when practicing charity (dana),

  若菩萨不住相布施,

  "his merit will be inconceivable and immeasurable.

  其福德不可思量。

  "Subhuti, what do you think? Can you think of and measure the extent of space in the East?"

  须菩提!于意云何?东方虚空可思量不?

  "I cannot, World Honored One!

  不也,世尊!

  "Subhuti, can you think of and measure (all) the extent of space in the South, West and North, as well as in the intermediate directions, including the zenith and nadir?"

  须菩提!南西北方四维上下虚空可思量不?

  "I cannot, World Honoured One!"

  不也,世尊!

  "Subhuti, (when) a Bodhisattva practices charity without a mind abiding in forms,

  须菩提!菩萨无住相布施,

  "his merit is equally inconceivable and immeasurable.

  福德亦复如是不可思量。

  "Subhuti, a Bodhisattva’s mind should thus abide as taught.

   须菩提!菩萨但应如所教住。

  

  如理实见分第五

  GENUINE DISCERNMENT OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SUCHNESS, FIVE

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "Can the Tathagata be seen by means of His bodily form?"

  可以身相见如来不?

  "No, World Honoured One, the Tathgate cannot be seen by means of His bodily form.

  不也,世尊!不可以身相得见如来。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because when the Tathagata speaks of bodily form, it is not (real) form."

  如来所说身相,即非身相。

  The Buddha said to Subhuti:

  佛告须菩提:

  "Everything with form is unreal;

  凡所有相,皆是虚妄。

  "if all forms are seen as unreal, the Tathagata will be perceived."

  若见诸相非相,则见如来。

  

  正信希有分第六

  PROPER FAITH IS RARE, SIX

  Subhuti said to the Buddha:

  须菩提白佛言:

  "World Honored One, will there be living beings who can develop a true belief

  in these words, sentences and chapters when they are expounded to them?"

  世尊!颇有众生,得闻如是言说章句,生实信不?

  The Buddha said: "Subhuti, do not speak like that.

   佛告须菩提:莫作是说。

  "In the last 500 years, before the final passing of the Tathagata,

  如来灭后,后五百岁,

  "there will be those who will observe the rules of morality and perform good actions which will result in blessing.

  有持戒修福者,

  "These people will be able to develop a faith in these sentences which they will consider as embodying the Truth.

  于此章句能生信心,以此为实,

  "You should know that they will not have planted good roots in just one, two, three, four, or five Buddha lands.

   当知是人不于一佛二佛三四五佛而种善根,

  "They will have planted them in countless thousands and tens of thousands of Buddha lands.

  已于无量千万佛所种诸善根,

  "Upon hearing these sentences, there will arise in them a single thought of pure faith.

  闻是章句,乃至一念生净信者,

  "Subhuti, the Tathagata knows and sees all;

  须菩提!如来悉知悉见,

  "these living beings will thus acquire immeasurable merits.

  是诸众生得如是无量福德。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "(Because) they will have wiped out false notions of an ego, a personality, a being and a life, of Dharma and Not-Dharma.

  是诸众生无复我相、人相、众生相、寿者相。无法相,亦无非法相。

  "Why?

   何以故?

  "(Because) if their minds grasp form (laksana), they will (still) cling to the notion of an ego, a personality, a being and a life.

  是诸众生若心取相,即为著我人众生寿者。

  "If their minds grasp the Dharma, they will (still) cling to the notion of an ego, a personality, a being and a life.

  若取法相,即著我人众生寿者。

  " Why?

   何以故?

  "(Because) if their minds grasp the Not-Dharma, they will (still) cling to the notion of an ego, a personality, a being and a life.

   若取非法相,即著我人众生寿者,

  "Therefore, one should not grasp and hold on to the notion of Dharma as well as that of Not-Dharma.

   是故不应取法,不应取非法。

  "This is why,

   以是义故,

  "the Tathagata always said:

  如来常说:

   "‘Ye Bhiksus, should know that the Dharma I expound is likened to a raft.’

   汝等比丘,知我说法,如筏喻者,

  "Even the Dharma should be cast aside; how much more so the Not-Dharma?

  法尚应舍,何况非法。

  

  无得无说分第七

  NOTHING ATTAINED, NOTHING SPOKEN, SEVEN

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "Has the Tathagata(in fact) obtained Supreme Enlightenment (Anubodhi)?

   如来得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提耶?

  "Does the Tathagata (in fact) expound the Dharma?"

  如来有所说法耶?

  Subhuti replied:

  须菩提言:

  "As I understand the meaning of the Buddha’s teaching,

   如我解佛所说义,

  "there is no fixed Dharma called Supreme Enlightenment and there is also no

  fixed Dharma the Tathagata can expound.

  无有定法名阿耨多罗三藐三菩提,亦无有定法,如来可说。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "(Because) the Dharma the Tathagata expounds cannot be clung to and cannot be expressed (in words); it is neither Dharma nor Not-Dharma.

  如来所说法,皆不可取、不可说、非法、非非法。

  "Why is this?

  所以者何?

  "All Bhadras and Aryas differ on account of the Eternal Asamskrta Dharma."

  一切贤圣,皆以无为法而有差别。

  

  依法出生分第八

  THEY ARISE FROM DHARMA, EIGHT

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "If someone filled the Universe with the seven treasures and gave them all as alms, would his merit be great?"

  若人满三千大千世界七宝以用布施,是人所得福德,宁为多不?

  Subhuti replied: "Very great, World Honoured One.

  须菩提言:甚多,世尊!

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because this merit is not the nature of merit, the Tathagata says it is great."

  是福德即非福德性,是故如来说福德多。

  "Subhuti, if on the other hand, someone received and kept even a four line stanza of this sutra and expounded it to others, his merit would surpass that (of the giver of treasures).

  若复有人,于此经中受持,乃至四句偈等,为他人说,其福胜彼。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  " (Because), Subhuti, all Buddhas and their Supreme-Enlightenment-Dharma originate from this sutra.

  须菩提!一切诸佛,及诸佛阿耨多罗三藐三菩提法,皆从此经出。

  "Subhuti, the so-called Buddhas and Dharmas are not real Buddhas and Dharmas.

  须菩提!所谓佛、法者,即非佛、法。

  

  一相无相分第九

  THE ONE APPEARANCE IS BEYOND APPEARANCES, NINE

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "Can one who has entered the stream (srota-apanna) have this thought (in his mind): I have obtained the fruit of entering the stream?"

  须陀洹能作是念:"我得须陀洹果"不?

  Subhuti replied: "No, World Honoured One.

  须菩提言:不也,世尊!

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because srota-apanna means ‘entering the stream’,

  须陀洹名为入流,

  "but actually there is no entry into either form, sound, smell, taste, touch or dharma.

  而无所入,不入色声香味触法,

  "Therefore, he is called srota-apanna."

  是名须陀洹。

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "Can a Sakrdagamin have this thought (in his mind): I have obtained the fruit of a Sakrdagamin?"

  斯陀含能作是念:"我得斯陀含果"不?

  Subhuti replied: ‘No, World Honored One.

   须菩提言:‘不也,世尊!

  "Why?

   何以故?

  "Because Sakrdagamin means 刼nce more to come,

  斯陀含名一往来,

  "but actually there is neither coming nor going.

  而实无往来,

  "Therefore, he is called a Sakrdagamin."

  是名斯陀含。

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "Can an Anagamin have this thought (in his mind): I have obtained the fruit of an Anagamin?"

  阿那含能作是念:"我得阿那含果"不?

  Subhuti replied: "No, World Honoured One.

  须菩提言:不也,世尊!

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because Anagamin means ‘no-coming’ but actually there is no such a thing as no-coming.

  阿那含名为不来,而实无不来,

  "Therefore, he is called an Anagamin."

  是故名阿那含。

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "Can an Arhat have this thought (in his mind): I have obtained the enlightenment of an Arhat?"

  阿罗汉能作是念:"我得阿罗汉道"不?

  Subhuti replied: "No, World Honoured One.

   须菩提言:‘不也,世尊!

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because there is no Dharma which is called Arhatship.

  实无有法名阿罗汉。

  "World Honoured One,

  世尊!

  "if an Arhat thinks ‘I have obtained the enlightenment of an Arhat’,

  若阿罗汉作是念:"我得阿罗汉道",

  "he will still grasp and hold on to the notion of an ego, a personality, a being and a life.

   即为著我人众生寿者。

  "World Honored One,

   世尊!

  "the Buddha has declared that I have obtained the Passionless Samadhi and that I surpass all men. I am, therefore, the highest passionless Arhat.

   佛说我得无诤三昧,人中最为第一,是第一离欲阿罗汉。

  "World Honored One, I do not think ‘I am a passionless Arhat, for,

   世尊,我不作是念:"我是离欲阿罗汉"。

  "World Honored One, if I had thought ‘I have attained Arhatship’,

  世尊!我若作是念:"我得阿罗汉道",

  "the World Honored One would not have said: ‘Subhuti takes delight in- the calm and quiet, free from temptation and distress.

  世尊则不说须菩提是乐阿兰那行者!

  "The fact that Subhuti does not act (mentally) is called the calm and quiet in which Subhuti takes delight."

  以须菩提实无所行,而名须菩提是乐阿兰那行。

  

  庄严净土分第十

  ADORNING PURE LANDS, TEN

  The Buddha said to Subhuti:

   佛告须菩提:

  "What do you think.?

  于意云何?

  "Did the Tathagata obtain anything from: he Dharma, when in the past He was with Dipamkara Buddha?"

  如来昔在燃灯佛所,于法有所得不?

  "No, World Honoured One.

  不也,世尊!

  "When the Tathagata was with Dipamkara, He did not obtain anything from the Dharma."

  如来在燃灯佛所,于法实无所得。

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "Do Bodhisattvas adorn Buddha lands (by their moral actions)?"

  菩萨庄严佛土不?

  "No. World Honoured One.

  不也,世尊!

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because this is not real adornment; it is (merely) called the adornment of Buddha lands."

  庄严佛土者,则(即)非庄严,是名庄严。

  "Subhuti, this is why all Bodhisattvas and Mahasattvas should thus develop a pure and clean mind which should not abide in form, sound, smell, taste, touch and dharma.

  是故须菩提,诸菩萨摩诃萨应如是生清净心,不应住色生心,不应住声香味触法生心,

  "They should develop a mind which does not abide in anything.

  应无所住而生其心。

  "Subhuti, supposing a man has a body as great as mount Sumeru,

  须菩提!譬如有人,身如须弥山王,

  "what do you think?

  于意云何?

  "Would such a body be great?"

  是身为大不?

  Subhuti replied: "Very great, World Honored One.

   须菩提言:甚大,世尊!Why? 何以故?

  "Because the Buddha says it is not the real body but is (merely) called a

  great body."

  佛说非身,是名大身。

  

  无为福胜分第十一

  THE SUPREMACY OF UNCONDITIONED BLESSINGS, ELEVEN

  "Subhuti, if there were as many rivers like the Ganges as there are grains of sand in the Ganges,

  须菩提!如恒河中所有沙数,如是沙等恒河,

  "would the total of grains of sand in all these rivers be very great?"

  于意云何?是诸恒河沙宁为多不?

  Subhuti replied: "Very great, World Honored One!"

  须菩提言:甚多,世尊!

  "These rivers would be innumerable; how much more so would be their sand-

  grains.

  但诸恒河尚多无数,何况其沙!

  "Subhuti, I now tell you truly.

  须菩提!我今实言告汝:

  "If a virtuous man or woman filled a number of universes, as great as the

  number of sand-grains in all these rivers, with the seven treasures, and gave them all away in alms (dana),

  若有善男子、善女人,以七宝满尔所恒河沙数三千大千世界,以用布施,

  "would his or her merit be great?"

  得福多不?

  Subhuti replied: "Very great, World Honoured One!"

  须菩提言:甚多,世尊!

  The Buddha said to Subhuti:

   佛告须菩提:

  "If a virtuous man or woman receives and holds (in mind) even a four-line stanza of this sutra and expounds it to others, his or her merit will surpass that of the almsgiver.

  若善男子、善女人,于此经中,乃至受持四句偈等,为他人说,而此福德胜前福德。

  

  

  尊重正教分第十二

  REVERING THE PROPER TEACHING, TWELVE

  "Furthermore, Subhuti,

   复次,须菩提!

  "wheresoever this sutra or even one of its four-line stanzas is expounded,

   随说是经,乃至四句偈等,

  "you should know that all devas, men and asuras should make their offerings there as if the place was a Buddha stupa or a Buddha temple.

  当知此处,一切世间、天、人、阿修罗,皆应供养,如佛塔庙,

   "How much more so if someone is able to receive, hold (in mind), read and recite the whole sutra!

  何况有人尽能受持读诵。

  "Subhuti, you should know that such a person will achieve the highest and rarest Dharma.

  须菩提!当知是人成就最上第一希有之法,

  "Wheresoever this sutra may be found the Buddha and His respected disciples will be there also."

  若是经典所在之处,则为有佛,若尊重弟子。

  

  如法受持分第十三

  ACCEPTING AND UPHOLDING THE DHARMA OF “THUSNESS”, THIRTEEN

  Subhuti then asked the Buddha:

  尔时,须菩提白佛言:

  "World Honoured One, what name should be given to this sutra and how should we receive and hold it (in mind)?"

  世尊!当何名此经?我等云何奉持?

  The Buddha said:

   佛告须菩提:

   "This sutra should be called ‘The Diamond prajna-paramita’ under which name you should receive and hold it.

  是经名为《金刚般若波罗蜜》,以是名字,汝当奉持。

  "Why? Because, Subhuti,

   所以者何?须菩提!

  "the Prajna- paramita as expounded by the Buddha, is not Prajna- paramita but is (merely) so called.

  佛说般若波罗蜜,则非般若波罗蜜。是名般若波罗蜜。

  "Subhuti, what do you think Does the Tathagata expound the Dharma?"

  须菩提!于意云何?如来有所说法不?

  Subhuti said: "World Honoured One, the Tathagata does not expound anything."

  须菩提白佛言:世尊!如来无所说。

  "Subhuti, what do you think? Are there many particles of dust in the universe?"

  须菩提!于意云何?三千大千世界所有微尘是为多不?

  Subhuti replied: "Many, World Honoured One!"

  须菩提言:甚多,世尊!

  "Subhuti, the Tathagata says these particles of dust are not (real), (but) are (merely) called particles of dust.

   须菩提!诸微尘,如来说非微尘,是名微尘。

  "The Tathagata says the universe is not (real), but it is (merely) called the universe.

  如来说:世界,非世界,是名世界。

  "Subhuti, what do you think? Can the Tathagata be perceived by means of His thirty-two physical characteristics ( laksanas )?"

  须菩提!于意云何?可以三十二相见如来不?

  "’No, World Honoured One. The Tathagata cannot be perceived by them.

  不也,世尊!不可以三十二相得见如来。

  "Why? Because the Tathagata says they are not real but are (merely) called

  the thirty-two physical characteristics."

  何以故?如来说:三十二相,即是非相,是名三十二相。

  "Subhuti, if on the one hand, a virtuous man or woman, in giving alms (dana), sacrifices as many lives as there are sand-grains in the Ganges, and on the other hand,

  须菩提!若有善男子、善女人,以恒河沙等身命布施;

  "someone receives and holds (in mind) even a four-line stanza of this sutra, and expounds it to other, the merit resulting from the latter will be greater."

  若复有人,于此经中,乃至受持四句偈等,为他人说,其福甚多!

  

  离相寂灭分第十四

  LEAVING APPEARANCES AND STILL CESSATION, FOURTEEN

  At that time, after listening to this sutra, Subhuti had understood its profound meaning and was moved to tears.

  尔时,须菩提闻说是经,深解义趣,涕泪悲泣,

  He said to the Buddha: "How rare, O World Honored One!

  而白佛言:希有,世尊!

  "The Buddha has expounded such a very profound sutra.

  佛说如是甚深经典,

  "Since I have acquired the wisdom eye, I have not heard of such a sutra.

  我从昔来所得慧眼,未曾得闻如是之经。

  "World Honored One, if someone after listening to this sutra believes that

  his mind is clean and pure, he will realise reality.

  世尊!若复有人得闻是经,信心清净,则生实相,

  "We should know that such a person will achieve the highest and rarest merit.

  当知是人,成就第一希有功德。

  "World Honored One, this Reality is not Reality but the Tathagata calls it

  Reality.

  世尊!是实相者,则是非相,是故如来说名实相。

  "World Honored One, as I now listen to this sutra I have no difficulty in

  believing, understanding, receiving and holding it,

  世尊!我今得闻如是经典,信解受持不足为难,

  "but in the last epoch, the last five hundred year period if there be a man who (happens to) listen to this sutra, believes, understands receives and holds it, he will be most rare.

  若当来世,后五百岁,其有众生,得闻是经,信解受持,是人则为第一希有。

  "Why? Because he will no longer (think in terms of) an ego, a personality, a being and a life.

  何以故?此人无我相、人相、众生相、寿者相。

  "Why? Because the forms of an ego, a personality, a being and a life are not forms.

  所以者何?我相即是非相,人相、众生相、寿者相即是非相。

  "Why? Because when he has rejected all forms he is called a Buddha."

  何以故?离一切诸相,则(即)名诸佛。

  The Buddha said: "Just so! Subhuti, just so!

  佛告须菩提:如是!如是!

  "If on the one hand, there be a man who listens to this sutra and is not filled with alarm, fear, or dread,

  若复有人,得闻是经,不惊、不怖、不畏,

  "you should know that such a person is most rare.

  当知是人甚为希有。

  "Why? Because, Subhuti,

  何以故?须菩提!

  "as the Tathagata says,

   如来说:

  "the first perfection ( paramita) is not so (but) is (merely) called the first perfection (paramita.)

  第一波罗蜜,非第一波罗蜜,是名第一波罗蜜。

  "Subhuti, the Tathagata speaks of the Perfection of Patience (ksanti paramita) which is not but is called the Perfection of Patience.

   须菩提!忍辱波罗蜜,如来说非忍辱波罗蜜。是名忍辱波罗蜜。

  "Why? Because, Subhuti,

   何以故?须菩提!

  "in (a) past (life) when my body was mutilated by Kaliraja,

   如我昔为歌利王割截身体,

  "I had at that time no notion of an ego, a personality, a being and a life.

  我于尔时,无我相、无人相、无众生相、无寿者相。

  "Why? Because, in the past, when my body was dismembered, if I (still) held the conception of an ego, a personality, a being and a life,

  何以故?我于往昔节节支解时,若有我相、人相、众生相、寿者相,

  "I would have been stirred by feelings of anger and hatred.

  应生嗔恨。

  "Subhuti, I also remember that in the past, during my former five hundred lives, I was a Ksantyrsi and held no conception of an ego, a personality, a

  being and a life.

  须菩提!又念过去于五百世作忍辱仙人,于尔所世,无我相、无人相、无众生相、无寿者相。

  "Therefore, Subhuti, Bodhisattvas should forsake all conceptions of form and resolve to develop the Supreme Enlightenment Mind (Anuttara-samyaksam-bodhi).

  是故须菩提!菩萨应离一切相,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心,

  "Their minds should not abide in form, sound, smell, taste, touch and dharma. Their minds should abide nowhere.

  不应住色生心,不应住声香味触法生心,应生无所住心。

  "If minds abide somewhere, it will be in falsehood.

  若心有住,则为非住。

  "This is why the Buddha says that Bodhisattvas’ minds should not abide in form when practising charity (dana).

  是故佛说:菩萨心不应住色布施。

  "Subhuti, all Bodhisattvas should thus make offerings for the welfare of all living beings.

   须菩提!菩萨为利益一切众生故,应如是布施。

  "The Tathagata speaks of forms which are not forms and of living beings who are not living beings.

  如来说:一切诸相,即是非相。又说:一切众生,则非众生。

  "Subhuti, the Tathagatas’ words are true and correspond to reality. They are ultimate words, neither deceitful nor heterodox.

   须菩提!如来是真语者、实语者、如语者、不诳语者、不异语者。

   "Subhuti, the Dharma the Tathagata has obtained is neither real nor unreal.

  须菩提!如来所得法,此法无实无虚。

  "Subhuti, if a Bodhisattva practises charity ( dana ) with a mind abiding in things (dharma), he is like a man entering the darkness where he cannot see anything;

   须菩提!若菩萨心住于法而行布施,如人入暗,则(即)无所见;

  "(but) if a Bodhisattva practises dana with a mind not abiding in dharma, he is like a man with open eyes, who can see everything in the sunshine.

  若菩萨心不住法而行布施,如人有目,日光明照,见种种色。

  "Subhuti, in future ages,

  须菩提!当来之世,

  "if a virtuous man or woman is able to receive, hold (in mind), read and

  recite this sutra,

  若有善男子、善女人,能于此经受持读诵,

  "the Tathagata, by means of His Buddha Wisdom, will know and see clearly that such a person will achieve immeasurable and unlimitable merits.

  则(即)为如来以佛智慧,悉知是人,悉见是人,皆得成就无量无边功德。

  

  持经功德分第十五

  THE MERIT AND VIRTUE GAINED FROM UPHOLDING THIS SUTRA, FIFTEEN

  "Subhuti, if (on the one hand) a virtuous man or woman sacrifices in the practice of charity (dana), as many lives as the sand-grains of the Ganges in the morning, at midday and again in the evening, and continues so doing throughout numberless aeons;

  须菩提!若有善男子、善女人,初日分以恒河沙等身布施,中日分复以恒河沙等身布施,后日分亦以恒河沙等身布施,如是无量百千万亿劫以身布施;

  "and if (on the other hand) a person after listening to this sutra believes in his own mind without (further) contradiction, the latter’s merit will surpass that of the former.

   若复有人,闻此经典,信心不逆,其福胜彼,

  "How much more so if this sutra is written, received, held, read, recited and expounded to others!

  何况书写、受持、读诵、为人解说。

  "Subhuti, to sum up, the merits resulting from this sutra are inconceivable, inestimable and without limit.

  须菩提!以要言之,是经有不可思议、不可称量、无边功德。

  "The Tathagata expounds it to those initiated into the Mahayana and the Supreme Yana.

  如来为发大乘者说,为发最上乘者说。

  "If they are able to receive, hold (in mind), read and recite it and expound it widely to others,

  若有人能受持读诵,广为人说,

  "the Tathagata will know and will see that they will achieve inexpressible and inconceivable merits that are without measure or limit.

  如来悉知是人悉见是人,皆得成就不可量、不可称、无有边、不可思议功德,

  "They will bear (responsibility for) the Tathagata’s Supreme Enlightenment (Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi.)

   如是人等,则(即)为荷担如来阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。

  "Why? Because, Subhuti,

   何以故?须菩提!

  "those who take delight in the Hinayana and hold the view of an ego, a personality, a being and a life,

  若乐小法者,著我见、人见、众生见、寿者见,

  "cannot listen to, receive, hold (in mind), read and recite this sutra and explain it to others.

  则(即)于此经,不能听受读诵、为人解说。

  "Subhuti, wheresoever this sutra may be found,

  须菩提!在在处处,若有此经,

  "all worlds of devas, men and asuras should make offerings,

  一切世间、天、人、阿修罗,所应供养;

  "for you should know that such a place is just a stupa which should be revered, worshipped and circumambulated, with offerings of flowers and incense.

  当知此处,则为是塔,皆应恭敬,作礼围绕,以诸华香而散其处。

  

  能净业障分第十六

  KARMIC OBSTRUCTIONS CAN BE PURIFIED, SIXTEEN

  "Furthermore, Subhuti,

  复次 ,须菩提!

  "if a virtuous man or woman receives, holds (in mind), reads and recites this sutra and is despised by others,

  若善男子、善女人,受持读诵此经,

  "this person who is bound to suffer from evil destinies in retribution for his past sins, and whose karmic Sins are now eradicated by the others’ contempt, will attain Supreme Enlightenment (Anuttarasamyak-sambodhi).

  若为人轻贱,是人先世罪业,应堕恶道,以今世人轻贱故,先世罪业则(即)为消灭,当得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。

  "Subhuti,

  须菩提!

  "I remember that in the past countless aeons before the advent of Dipamkara Buddha,

  我念过去无量阿僧祇劫,于燃灯佛前,

  "I met 84,000 milliards of Buddhas to whom I made offerings and whom I served faultlessly.

  得值八百四千万亿那由他诸佛,悉皆供养承事,无空过者;

  "Now if in the last period (of 500 years) in the Buddha kalpa someone is able to receive, hold (in mind), read and recite this sutra,

  若复有人,于后末世,能受持读诵此经,

  "his merits will far exceed mine which resulted from my offerings made to Buddhas,

  所得功德,于我所供养诸佛功德,

  "for mine cannot be reckoned as one hundredth, one thousandth, one ten thousandth or one hundred thousandth part thereof; in fact no computation or comparison is possible.

  百分不及一,千万亿分、乃至算数譬喻所不能及。

  "Subhuti,

  须菩提!

  "in the last period of the Buddha kalpa, if a virtuous man or woman is able to receive, hold (in mind), read and recite this sutra,

  若善男子、善女人,于后末世,有受持读诵此经,

  "my full statement of this person’s merits will create derangement, doubt and disbelief in the minds of all listeners.

  所得功德,我若具说者,或有人闻,心则狂乱,狐疑不信。

  "Subhuti,

  须菩提!

  "you should know that as the meaning of this sutra is inconceivable, so is the fruit of its reward."

  当知是经义不可思议,果报亦不可思议。

  

  究竟无我分第十七

  ULTIMATELY THERE IS NO SELF, SEVENTEEN

  At the time, Subhuti asked the Buddha:

  尔时,须菩提白佛言:

  "World Honoured One, if a virtuous man or woman is determined to develop the Supreme Enlightened Mind,

  世尊!善男子、善女人,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心,

  "how should his or her mind abide and how should it be subdued?"

  云何应住?云何降伏其心?

  The Buddha said to Subhuti:

  佛告须菩提:

  "A virtuous man or woman who is determined to develop the Supreme Enlightened Mind,

  善男子、善女人,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心者,

  "should thus develop it:

  当生如是心,

  "I have to lead all living beings to put a stop to (reincarnation) and escape (suffering),

  我应灭度一切众生。

  "and when they have been so led, not one of them in fact stops (reincarnating) or escapes suffering.

  灭度一切众生已,而无有一众生实灭度者。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because, Subhuti, if a Bodhisattva clings to the notion of an ego, a personality, a being and a life, he is not a (true) Bodhisattva.

  须菩提, 若菩萨有我相、人相、众生相、寿者相,则(即)非菩萨。

  "Why?

  所以者何?

  "Because, Subhuti, there is not really a Dharma which can develop the Supreme-Enlightenment-Mind.

  须菩提!实无有法。发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心者。

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "When the Tathagata was with Dipamkara Buddha, did He have any Dharma by means of which He attained Supreme Enlightenment (Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi)?"

  如来于燃灯佛所,有法得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提不?

  "No, World Honoured One.

  不也,世尊!

  "As I understand the meaning of the Buddha’s teaching,

   如我解佛所说义,

   "when He was with Dipamkara Buddha,

   佛于燃灯佛所,

  "He had no Dharma by means of which He attained ‘Supreme Enlightenment’".

  无有法得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。

  The Buddha said: "Just so! Subhuti, just so!

  佛言:如是,如是。须菩提!

  "There was really no Dharma by means of which the Tathagata attained Supreme

  Enlightenment.

  实无有法如来得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。

  "Subhuti, if there had been,

  须菩提!若有法如来得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提,

  "Dipamkara Buddha would not have predicted:

  燃灯佛则(即)不与我授记:

  "In your next life, you will be a Buddha named Sakyamuni”.

  汝于来世,当得作佛,号释迦牟尼。以实无有法得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提,是故燃灯佛与我授记,作是言:"汝于来世,当得作佛,号释迦牟尼。"

  "Why is it? Because ‘Tathagata’ means the suchness of all Dharmas.

  何以故?如来者,即诸法如义。

  "If someone still says: ‘The Tathagata obtained Supreme Enlightenment,’

  若有人言:如来得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。

  "(I tell you,) Subhuti, there is no Dharma by means of which the Buddha did so,

  须菩提!实无有法,佛得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。

  "(because), Subhuti, that Enlightenment was by itself neither real nor unreal.

  须菩提!如来所得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提,于是中无实无虚。

  "This is why the Tathagata says that all Dharmas are Buddha’s Dharmas.

  是故如来说:一切法皆是佛法。

  "Subhuti, these so-called Dharmas are not, but are (expediently), called all Dharmas.

  须菩提!所言一切法者,即非一切法,是故名一切法。

  "Subhuti, supposing there is a man whose body is great."

  须菩提!譬如人身长大。

  Subhuti said: "World Honoured One, the great body of which the Tathagata speaks is not great, but is (expediently) called a great body."

  须菩提言:世尊!如来说:人身长大,则为非大身,是名大身。

  "Subhuti, in like manner, if a Bodhisattva says: ‘I should lead uncountable living beings to put a stop to (reincarnation) and escape (from suffering)’, he cannot be called a Bodhisattva.

  须菩提!菩萨亦如是。若作是言:"我当灭度无量众生",则不名菩萨。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because there is really no dharma called the Bodhisattva (stage).

  须菩提!实无有法名为菩萨。

  "Therefore, the Buddha says:

   是故佛说:

  "Of all dharmas, there is not a single one which possesses an ego, a

  personality, a being and a life.

  一切法无我、无人、无众生、无寿者。

  "Subhuti, if a Bodhisattva says: ‘I should adorn Buddha lands’, he cannot be called a Bodhisattva.

  须菩提!若菩萨作是言:"我当庄严佛土",是不名菩萨。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because when the Tathagata speaks of such adornment it is not, but is (expediently), called adornment.

  如来说:庄严佛土者,即非庄严,是名庄严。

  "Subhuti,

  须菩提!

  "if a Bodhisattva is thoroughly versed in (the doctrine of) the unreality of ego and of things (dharma), the Tathagata will call him a true Bodhisattva.

  若菩萨通达无我、法者,如来说名真是菩萨。

  

  一体同观分第十八

  CONTEMPLATING THE ONENESS OF EVERYTHING, EIGHTEEN

  "Subhuti, what do you think.? Does the Tathagata possess human eyes?"

  须菩提!于意云何?如来有肉眼不?

  "Yes, World Honoured One, the Tathagata possesses human eyes."

  如是,世尊!如来有肉眼。

  "’Subhuti, what do you think? Does the Tathagata possess deva eye?"

  须菩提!于意云何?如来有天眼不?

  "’Yes, World Honoured One, the Tathagata possesses deva eyes."

  如是,世尊!如来有天眼。

  "Subhuti, what do you think? Does the Tathagata possess wisdom eyes?"

  须菩提!于意云何?如来有慧眼不?

  "Yes, World Honoured One, the Tathagata possesses wisdom eyes."

  如是,世尊!如来有慧眼。

  "Subhuti, what do you think? Does the Tathagata possess Dharma eyes?"

  须菩提!于意云何?如来有法眼不?

  "Yes, World Honoured One. The Tathagata possess Dharma eyes."

  如是,世尊!如来有法眼。

  "Subhuti, What do you think? Does the Tathagata possess Buddha eyes?"

  须菩提!于意云何?如来有佛眼不?

  "Yes, World Honoured One, the Tathagata possesses Buddha eyes."

  如是,世尊!如来有佛眼。

  "Subhuti, what do you think? Does the Tathagata say that the sand-grains in

  the Ganges are sand-grains?"

  须菩提!于意云何?恒河中所有沙,佛说是沙不?

  "Yes, World Honoured One, the Tathagata says they are sand-grains."

  如是,世尊!如来说是沙。

  "Subhuti, what do you think? If there were as many Ganges rivers as sand-grains in the Ganges, and if there were as many Buddha realms as sandgrains

  of all these Ganges rivers, would there be many world systems?"

  须菩提!于意云何?如一恒河中所有沙,有如是沙等恒河,是诸恒河所有沙数,佛世界如是,宁为多不?

  "Many, World Honoured One!"

  甚多,世尊!

  "The Buddha said the living beings in all these world systems have many different minds which are all known to the Tathagata.

  佛告须菩提:尔所国土中,所有众生,若干种心,如来悉知。

  "Why?

  何以故

  "Because the minds the Tathagata speaks of are not minds, but are

  (expediently) called minds.

  如来说:诸心皆为非心,是名为心。

  "And why?

  所以者何?

  "Because, Subhuti, neither the past, the present nor the future mind can be found

  须菩提!过去心不可得,现在心不可得,未来心不可得。

  

  法界通化分第十九

  UNDERSTANDING AND TRANSFORMING THE DHARMA REALM, NINETEEN

  "Subhuti, what do you think.?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "If someone filled the universe with the seven treasures and gave all away in his practice of dana,

  若有人满三千大千世界七宝以用布施,

  "would this (good) cause enable the giver to gain a great merit?"

  是人以是因缘,得福多不?

  "Yes, World Honoured One, because of this (good) cause the giver would gain a great merit."

  如是,世尊!此人以是因缘,得福甚多。

  "’Subhuti, if the merit was real, the Tathagata would not say it was great.

  须菩提,若福德有实,如来不说得福德多;

  "He says so because there is no merit.

  以福德无故,如来说得福德多。

  

  离色离相分第二十

  LEAVING BOTH FORM AND APPEARANCES, TWENTY

  "Subhuti, what do you think? Can the Buddha be perceived by His completely perfect physical body (rupa-kaya)?"

  须菩提!于意云何?佛可以具足色身见不?

  "’No, World Honoured One,

  不也,世尊!

  "the Tathagata should not be so perceived.

  如来不应以具足色身见。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because the Buddha says the completely perfect rupa-kaya is not, but is called the completely perfect rupakaya."

  如来说:具足色身,即非具足色身,是名具足色身。

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "Can the Tathagata be perceived by His completely perfect forms?"

  如来可以具足诸相见不?

  "No, World Honoured One,

  不也,世尊!

  "the Tathagata should not be so perceived,

  如来不应以具足诸相见。

  "because the Tathagata says the completely perfect forms are not, but are

  called completely perfect forms."

  何以故?如来说:诸相具足,即非具足,是名诸相具足。

  

  非说所说分第二十一

  WHAT IS SPOKEN IS NOT SPOKEN, TWENTY-ONE

  

  "’Subhuti, do not say that the Tathagata thinks:

  须菩提!汝勿谓如来作是念:

  "‘I must expound the Dharma.’

  "我当有所说法。"

  "Do not have such a thought.

  莫作是念,

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because if someone says so, he will really slander the Buddha and be unable to understand my teaching.

  若人言:如来有所说法,即为谤佛,不能解我所说故。

  "Subhuti, when (the Tathagata) expounds the Dharma, there is really no Dharma to teach: but this is (expediently) called teaching the Dharma."

  须菩提!说法者,无法可说,是名说法。

  Then the wise Subhuti said to the Buddha:

   尔时,慧命须菩提白佛言:

  "World Honoured One, will there be in future ages living beings who will

  believe this Dharma when they hear it?"

  世尊!颇有众生,于未来世,闻说是法,生信心不?

  The Buddha said:

  佛言:

  "Subhuti, the living beings (you just mentioned) are neither living nor not living beings.

  须菩提!彼非众生,非不众生。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because, Subhuti, the Tathagata says these living beings are not (really), but they are (expediently), called living beings."

  须菩提!众生众生者,如来说非众生,是名众生。

  

  无法可得分第二十二

  NO DHARMA CAN BE OBTAINED, TWENTY-TWO

  Subhuti said to the Buddha:

  须菩提白佛言:

  "World Honored One,

  世尊!

  "does your (own) attainment of Supreme Enlightenment (Anuttara-samyak-

  sambodhi) mean that you have not gained anything whatsoever?"

  佛得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提,为无所得耶?

  The Buddha replied: "Just so, Subhuti, just so,

  如是,如是。须菩提!

  "I have not gained even the least Dharma from Supreme enlightenment,

   我于阿耨多罗三藐三菩提乃至无有少法可得,

  "and this is called Supreme Enlightenment.

  是名阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。

  

  净心行善分第二十三

  A PURE MIND DOES WHOLESOME DEEDS, TWENTY-THREE

  "Furthermore, Subhuti,

  复次,须菩提!

  "this Dharma is universal and impartial;

  是法平等,无有高下,

  "wherefore it is called Supreme Enlightenment.

   是名阿耨多罗三藐三菩提;

  "The practice of all good virtues (Dharmas), free from attachment to an ego,

  a personality, a being and a life,

  以无我、无人、无众生、无寿者,修一切善法,

  "will result in the attainment of Supreme Enlightenment.

   则(即)得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。

  "Subhuti, the so-called good virtues (Dharmas),

  须菩提!所言善法者,

  "the Tathagata says, are not good, but are (expediently) called good virtues.

   如来说非善法,是名善法。

  

  福智无比分第二十四

  BLESSINGS AND WISDOM BEYOND COMPARE, TWENTY-FOUR

  "Subhuti, if (on the one hand) a man, in his practice of charity (dana) gives away the seven treasures piled up in a heap as great as all the Mounts Sumeru in the Universe put together,

  须菩提!若三千大千世界中所有诸须弥山王,如是等七宝聚,

  "and (on the other hand) another man receives, holds (in mind) reads and recites even a four-line stanza of this Prajna-paramita Sutra, and expounds it to others,

  有人持用布施;若人以此《般若波罗蜜经》,乃至四句偈等,受持读诵、为他人说,

   "the merit resulting from the former’s dana will not be worth one-hundredth, one-thousandth, one-ten-thousandth and one-hundred thousandth part of that obtained by the latter, as no conceivable comparison can be made between the two.

  于前福德百分不及一,百千万亿分,乃至算数譬喻所不能及。

  

  化无所化分第二十五

  TRANSFORMING WITHOUT THERE BEING ANYONE TRANSFORMED, TWENTY-FIVE

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "You should not say the Tathagata has this thought (in His mind):

  汝等勿谓如来作是念:

  "‘I should liberate living beings.’

  我当度众生。

  "Subhuti, you should not think so.

  须菩提!莫作是念。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because there are really no living beings whom the Tathagata can liberate.

  实无有众生如来度者,

  "If there were,

  若有众生如来度者,

  "the Tathagata would hold (the concept of) an ego, a personality, a being and a life.

  如来则有我人众生寿者。

  "Subhuti,

  须菩提!

  "(when) the Tathagata speaks of an ego, there is in reality no ego, although

  common men think so.

   如来说:"有我者,则非有我,而凡夫之人以为有我。

  "Subhuti, the Tathagata says common men are not, but are (expediently) called, common men.

  须菩提!凡夫者,如来说则非凡夫。

  

  法身非相分第二十六

  THE DHARMA BODY IS NOT APPEARANCES, TWENTY-SIX

  "Subhuti, what do you think?

  须菩提!于意云何?

  "Can the Tathagata be recognised by His thirty-two physical characteristics?"

  可以三十二相观如来不?

  Subhuti replied: "Yes, yes, He can."

  须菩提言:‘如是!如是!以三十二相观如来。’

  The Buddha said:

  佛言:

  "Subhuti, if the Tathagata can be recognised by His thirty-two physical

  characteristics,

  须菩提!若以三十二相观如来者,

  "a world ruler (cakravarti) would be the Tathagata."

  转轮圣王则(即)是如来。’

  Subhuti said to the Buddha:

  须菩提白佛言:

  "World Honoured One, as I understand your teaching,

  世尊!如我解佛所说义,

  "the Tathagata cannot be recognized by His thirty-two physical characteristics."

  不应以三十二相观如来。

  Thereupon, the World Honoured One recited the following gatha:

  尔时,世尊而说偈言:

  "He who sees me by outward appearance (And) seeks me in sound,

  若以色见我 以音声求我

  "Treads the heterodox path (And) cannot perceive the Tathagata.

  是人行邪道 不能见如来

  

  无断无灭分第二十七

  NOT DESTROYED NOR ANNIHILATED, TWENTY-SEVEN

  "Subhuti, if you have ( in your mind) this thought:

  须菩提!汝若作是念:

  "‘The Tathagata does not rely on His possession of characteristics to obtain supreme Enlightenment,’

  如来不以具足相故,得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。

  "Subhuti, banish that thought.

  须菩提!莫作是念:"如来不以具足相故,得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。"

  "Subhuti, if you think it while developing the Perfect Enlightenment Mind,

  须菩提!汝若作是念,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心者,

  "you will advocate the annihilation of all Dharmas.

  说诸法断灭。

  "Do not have such a thought.

  莫作是念!

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because one who develops the Supreme Enlightenment Mind,

  发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心者,

  "does not advocate the annihilation (of things).

  于法不说断灭相。

  

  不受不贪分第二十八

  NO GREED AND NOTHING ACQUIRED, TWENTY EIGHT

  "Subhuti, if (on the one hand) a Bodhisattva gave in his practice of dana, all the seven treasures in quantities sufficient to fill worlds as many as sand-grains in the Ganges,

  须菩提!若菩萨以满恒河沙等世界七宝,持用布施;

  "and (on the other hand) another man comprehended that all dharmas were egoless and thereby achieved perfection of patience (ksanti),

  若复有人知一切法无我,得成于忍,

  "the latter’s merit would surpass that of the former.

  此菩萨胜前菩萨所得功德。

  "Why?

  何以故

  "Because, Subhuti, all Bodhisattvas do not receive reward for their merits."

  须菩提!以诸菩萨不受福德故。

  Subhuti asked the Buddha: "World Honored One, why do Bodhisattvas not receive reward for their merits?"

  须菩提白佛言:世尊!云何菩萨不受福德?

  "Subhuti, Bodhisattvas should have no longing and no attachment when they practise meritorious virtues;

  须菩提!菩萨所作福德,不应贪著,

  "therefore, they do not receive a reward.

  是故说不受福德。

  

  威仪寂静分第二十九

  THE QUIESCENCE OF HIS AWESOME DEMEANOR, TWENTY-NINE

  "Subhuti, if someone says the Tathagata comes or goes, sits or lies, he does not understand what I mean.

  须菩提!若有人言:如来若来若去、若坐若卧,是人不解我所说义。

  "Why? Because the Tathagata has neither whence (to come) nor whither (to go);

  何以故?如来者,无所从来,亦无所去,

  "therefore, He is called the Tathagata.

  故名如来。

  

  一合理相分第三十

  THE PRINCIPLE OF A UNITY OF APPEARANCES, THIRTY

  "Subhuti. what do you think? If a virtuous man or woman reduced to dust all the worlds in the Universe, would those particles of dust many?"

  须菩提!若善男子、善女人,以三千大千世界碎为微尘,于意云何?是微尘众宁为多不?

  Subhuti replied: "Many, World Honored One.

  甚多,世尊!

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because if they really existed, the Buddha would not say they were particles of dust.

  若是微尘众实有者,佛则(即)不说是微尘众,

  "And why?

  所以者何?

  "Because when the Buddha speaks of particles of dust, they are not, but are (expediently) called, particles of dust.

  佛说:微尘众即非微尘众,是名微尘众。

  "World Honoured One,

  世尊!

  "when the Tathagata speaks of worlds, they are not,,but are (expediently) called, worlds.

  如来所说三千大千世界,则(即)非世界,是名世界。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because if they really exist, they are just agglomerations.

  若世界实有者 ,则(即)是一合相。

  "The Tathagata speaks of agglomerations which are not, but are (expediently) called, agglomerations."

  如来说:一合相,则(即)非一合相,是名一合相。

  "Subhuti, that which is called an agglomeration cannot be spoken of, but the vulgar man has longing for and attachment to this thing.

  须菩提!一合相者,则(即)是不可说,但凡夫之人贪著其事。

  

  知见不生分第三十一

  KNOWLEDGE AND VIEWS ARE NOT PRODUCED, THIRTY-ONE

  "Subhuti, what do you think? If someone says: ‘The Buddha speaks of the view of an ego, a personality, a being and a life,

  须菩提!若人言:佛说我见、人见、众生见、寿者见。

  "Subhuti, does that person understand what I mean?”

  须菩提!于意云何?是人解我所说义不?

  "No, World Honoured one, that person does not understand.

  不也,世尊!是人不解如来所说义。

  "Why?

  何以故?

  "Because (when) the Tathagata speaks of the view of an ego, a Personality, a being and a life,

   世尊说:我见、人见、众生见、寿者见,

  "it is not really, (but) is (expediently) called the view of an ego, a personality a being and a life."

  即非我见、人见、众生见、寿者见,是名我见、人见、众生见、寿者见。

  "Subhuti, he who develops the Supreme Enlightenment Mind,

  须菩提!发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心者,

  "should thus know, see, believe and comprehend (all things); he should not set up the perception of things (dharma-laksana) in his mind.

  于一切法,应如是知,如是见,如是信解,不生法相。

  "Subhuti, the so-called form of things (dharma-laksana),

  须菩提!所言法相者,

  "the Tathagata says is not, but is, (expediently) called the form of things.

  如来说即非法相,是名法相。

  

  应化非真分第三十二

  RESPONSES AND TRANSFORMATIONS ARE UNREAL, THIRTY-TWO

  "Subhuti, if on the one hand, someone gave away in alms (dana) the seven treasures inquantities sufficient to fill all the worlds in uncount-able aeons,

  须菩提!若有人以满无量阿僧祇世界七宝持用布施,

  "and if on the other hand, a virtuous man or woman developed the Bodhi-mind,

  若有善男子、善女人,发菩萨心者,

  "and received, held (in mind), read and recited even a four-line stanza of this sutra and expounded it to others,

  持于此经,乃至四句偈等,受持读诵,为人演说,

  "the latter’s merit would surpass that of the former.

  其福胜彼。

  "In what manner should it be taught to others? By teaching it without attachment to form with the immutability of the absolute.

  云何为人演说,不取于相,如如不动。

  "Why is it?

  何以故?

  "Because: All phenomena are like a dream, an illusion, a bubble and a shadow, Like dew and lightning. Thus should you meditate upon them."

  一切有为法 如梦幻泡影  如露亦如电 应作如是观

  When the Buddha had finished expounding this sutra,

  佛说是经已,

  the elder Subhuti, together with bhiksus, bhiksunis, upasakas, upasikas,

  长老须菩提及诸比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷、

  and all the worlds of devas, men and asuras who had listened to His teaching, were filled with joy and believed received and observed it.

   一切世间、天、人、阿修罗,闻佛所说,皆大欢喜,信受奉行。 

金刚经原文及白话文

法会因由分第一

如是我闻:一时,佛在舍卫城只树给孤独园,与大比丘众千二百五十人俱。尔时,世尊食时,着衣持钵,入舍卫大城乞食。于其城中次第乞已,还至本处。饭食讫,收衣钵。洗足已,敷座而坐。

阿难说:这部金刚般若波罗蜜经是阿难我听如来佛亲口所讲的,佛在讲这部经的时候,是在舍卫城名叫「祈树给孤独园」这个地方,当时佛陀与有德性的罗汉、菩萨以及其他弟子,共有一千二百五十人共同聚在一起,到了快要吃饭的时候,大伙儿就穿上了袈裟,手里拿着盛饭的钵,由祈树给孤独园走到舍卫大城去乞食。在城里不分富贵贫贱,挨家挨户的乞食,乞食完毕就回到原来祈树给孤独园的地方吃饭。吃完饭,就把袈裟及钵收好,也把脚洗干净,再把作位铺好,然后坐了下来。

善现启请分第二

时长老须菩提在大众中,即从座起,偏袒右肩,右膝着地,合掌恭敬。而白佛言:「希有!世尊。如来善护念诸菩萨,善付嘱诸菩萨。世尊!善男子、善女人,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心,云何应住?云何降伏其心?」佛言:「善哉!善哉!须菩提!如汝所说,如来善护念诸菩萨,善付嘱诸菩萨。汝今谛听,当为汝说。善男子、善女人,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心,应如是住,如是降伏其心。」「唯然!世尊!愿乐欲闻。」

这个时候,有位德高年长的佛陀弟子名叫「须菩提」,他在大众中从自己的座位站了起来。露出右肩【因为印度人平常衣服是遍覆全身,要礼佛时才袒露右肩,以示恭敬】右膝跪地【印度的礼仪有两种,礼拜时双膝跪地,忏悔及请法是右膝跪地,表是顺理诚心】而且恭恭敬敬的向佛陀合掌行礼,然后赞叹说:「希有的世尊,您对于已发善心而未成就佛圆满境界的弟子,善护眷念他们的善心,又善于咐嘱使他们心灵能够圆满。世尊!当善男子、善女人,在发起无上正等正觉菩提心的时候,要怎样使这个菩提心常住不退?以及若是起了妄想执着心的时候,又怎样去降服这个妄想执着心呢?」佛陀回答说:「问得好!问得好!须菩提!如同你所说的,对于已发善心而未成就佛圆满境界的弟子,如来我善护眷念他们的善心,又善于咐嘱使他们心灵能够圆满。所以我当然要为你们解说,你们仔细听着,发心修行的善男子、善女人在发菩提心的时候,就是已流露出真如的本性,就应该这样常住这个真心,就应该这样降伏一切的妄念」须菩提听完佛陀开示后说:「是的!世尊!愿听师父说说这个道理」

大乘正宗分第三

佛告须菩提:「诸菩萨摩诃萨,应如是降伏其心:所有一切众生之类─若卵生、若胎生、若湿生、若化生;若有色、若无色;若有想、若无想;若非有想非无想,我皆令入无余涅槃而灭度之。如是灭度无量无数无边众生,实无众生得灭度者。何以故?须菩提!若菩萨有我相、人相、众生相、寿者相,即非菩萨。」

佛陀于是告诉须菩提说:「诸位大菩萨,在修行当中,应该按照下面的方法降伏妄想心,才能常住菩提心,降伏妄心的方法就是所有的众生好比说【一】孵卵所生的鸡、鸭、麻雀、鸽子。【二】母胎所生的人、羊、牛、马。【三】水中或潮湿中所生的鱼、虾、鳖、蟹。【四】蜕化所生蚕、飞蛾、苍蝇、蚊子﹝他们都是由幼虫蜕变而化成﹞。【五】有色众生;他们由五蕴﹝色蕴、受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴,蕴是障蔽的意思﹞组成的,有色众生居住在欲界及色界。【六】无色众生,他们由四蕴﹝受蕴、想蕴、行蕴、识蕴﹞组成的,无色众生居住在无色界中。【七】有思想的众生,三界﹝欲界、色界、无色界﹞中除了无想天之外,都是有思想的众生。【八】无思想的众生,他们是专修无想的外道修士,也就是外道的最高果位,居住在色界的无想天中。【九】非有想非无想的众生,他们居住在三界最高的是非想非非想天,这里的众生没有粗想但仍有细想,所以是非有想非无想。以上九种众生所产生的妄心,都不是菩萨的真心,各位要慈悲救渡他们,使他们达到没有执着清净解脱的境界,虽然有那么多的众生受到渡化,自我心中绝不执着众生是我所度化的念头。为什么呢?须菩提!你要知道如果菩萨还有我相﹝对于自我的意念执着﹞、人相﹝人我的对待意念﹞、众生相﹝自以为是为众生求永生、为众生服务以及认为对方是因为执着或业力所受生﹞、寿者相﹝执着长寿、永生﹞,他就不是菩萨了。

妙行无住分第四

复次:「须菩提!菩萨于法,应无所住,行于布施。所谓不住色布施,不住声、香、味、触、法布施。须菩提!菩萨应如是布施,不住于相。何以故?若菩萨不住相布施,其福德不可思量。须菩提!于意云何?东方虚空可思量不?」「不也,世尊!」「须菩提!南、西、北方、四维、上、下虚空,可思量不?」「不也。世尊!」「须菩提!菩萨无住相布施,福德亦复如是,不可思量。须菩提!菩萨但应如所教住!」

佛再对须菩提说:「菩萨对于成就无上正等正觉之法,在于布施时应该没有执着的,在做出利益众生的事情之后,也不会有丝毫的执着。所谓不着相布施,在于内德方面必须做到六根清净,离开色、声、香、味、触、法等内心的尘相而行布施。并且菩萨行布施之后要做到忘记我布施给谁,我是用什么布施,以及是我所做的布施。为什么呢?因为着相布施,心中所著的相体;与无量无边际的虚空来比较,实在只是一微尘,即使能因此而获福也是有限的。若不着相布施,内心就能与虚空相呼应,像这样不住相布施的福德就不可限量了。佛问须菩提,你的看法怎样?譬如东方那无边际的虚空,你可以用心去思索或实际测量出有多大吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「不可以」佛又问须菩提说:「再与南、西、北四方及上下毫无边际的虚空,你是否可以用心去思索或实际测量出有多大吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「不可以」佛又说:「须菩提!菩萨若能不着相布施,所得的福德也就像虚空那样的广大难以想像,不可测量。佛告诉须菩提!菩萨应该照我所讲的去修行以及去教导众生」

如理实见分第五

「须菩提!于意云何?可以身相见如来不?」「不也,世尊!不可以身相得见如来。何以故?如来所说身相,即非身相。」佛告须菩提:「凡所有相,皆是虚妄。若见诸相非相,即见如来。」

佛说:「须菩提你的意思怎么样?可以执着这个有形的色身相来见到佛的本体吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「那是不可以的,不可以执着色身相来见到佛的本体。为什么呢?因为佛陀您所说的这个有形色身相,它是会随因缘而变化,它是没有自主性的」。佛陀听了告诉须菩提说:「不但我有形体的身相是这样,世间一切有形体的东西也是一样,都会随因缘而变化,都会毁坏,所以可以说都是虚幻的假相,所以世人如果能够识破诸相皆是虚幻的道理,就可以了悟如来的法相了。

正信希有分第六

须菩提白佛言:「世尊!颇有众生,得闻如是言说章句,生实信不?」佛告须菩提:「莫作是说!如来灭后,后五百岁,有持戒修福者,于此章句,能生信心,以此为实。当知是人,不于一佛、二佛、三四五佛而种善根,已于无量千万佛所种诸善根。闻是章句,乃至一念生净信者;须菩提!如来悉知悉见,是诸众生得如是无量福德。何以故?是诸众生,无复我相、人相、众生相、寿者相、无法相,亦无非法相。何以故?是诸众生若心取相,即为着我、人、众生、寿者。若取法相,即着我、人、众生、寿者。何以故?若取非法相,即着我、人、众生、寿者。是故不应取法,不应取非法。以是义故,如来常说:汝等比丘!知我说法,如筏喻者;法尚应舍,何况非法? 」

须菩提听完之后又向佛陀说:「世尊!您所说的不住相布施,以及所谓见诸相非相即见如来,这种无相真空的妙理,众生听了会生起真实的信念吗?」如来佛听了就告诉须菩提说:「你不必怀疑。虽然我所说的佛法非常深妙,但是仍然会有人深信不疑,不但现在有人相信,即使等到我死后两千年,仍然有持守戒律,广修福田的善男信女,听到此经中的任何一章或是一句,不但非常相信,并且认为真实。要知道这种人善根深厚,不仅是在最近世诸佛,修学佛法所种的善根,甚至是从过去无量佛那里种来的善根。所以他们听到或看到此经中的任何一章或是一句,就能一心清净诚信。佛告诉须菩提说:如来我以佛的慧眼佛眼,动悉这些净信众生内心是通达佛性的,可以得到如虚空般无量福德。这是什么缘故呢?因为这些众生善根纯熟,已悟得真空无相的道理,已离开我相﹝对于自我的意念执着﹞、人相﹝人我的对待意念﹞、众生相﹝自以为是为众生求永生、为众生服务以及认为对方是因为执着或业力所受生﹞、寿者相﹝执着长寿、永生﹞;更不会执着一切万法《因为一切万法只是度化众生的心灵到达彼岸的工具而已,而本性才是佛,万法并非佛性,当我们了悟了我们佛性时,万法都必须放下》,以及执着法空的名相《若执着于万法皆空,内心也是有一个万法空相的执着存在》因为众生心中如果对于任何的相有所执取,便是在内心深处产生了我相、人相、众生相、寿者相的执着。所以如果心执着万法的名相,便会在内心深处产生我相、人相、众生相、寿者相的执着;相同的道理,如果心理执着法空的名相,在内心深处也是产生我相、人相、众生相、寿者相的执着。所以不要执着一切万法,也不要执着法空,才能悟入性空,就因为这个原因,所以我为你们说法的时候,常用竹筏来做比喻,世人编竹为茷,渡人过河,到了彼岸竹筏就不须要再用了。我所说的佛法,就像渡人过河的竹筏一样,过了河就要放弃,何况是法空的执着更应放下」

无得无说分第七

「须菩提!于意云何?如来得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提耶?如来有所说法耶?」须菩提言:「如我解佛所说义,无有定法,名阿耨多罗三藐三菩提;亦无有定法如来可说。何以故?如来所说法,皆不可取、不可说;非法、非非法。所以者何?一切贤圣,皆以无为法,而有差别。」

佛问须菩提说:「你的看法如何?如来真的有所得无上正等正觉的菩提吗?如来为众生说各种教法,但在如来的心中是否执着有所说法的念头呢?」须菩提回答说:「就我所理解佛所说的义理,因每个人开悟的因缘不一样,所以要使众生开悟是没有一定的法。并且如来所说一切,都是由自性本体自然流露出来的,是应众生的机缘而说,没有执着一定的法。为什么呢?因为如来所说的法,是要众生了悟佛性清静本体,所以不可对于相或对于法有所执着,也不可执着口舌言说;不可执着法,也不可执着顽空。为什么这样呢?因为一切贤圣都是由这个无为法自修。只是随各人所修领悟的程度不同,自性清净心流露的多寡也就有所不同,所证悟程度就有所差别。」

依法出生分第八

「须菩提!于意云何?若人满三千大千世界七宝,以用布施。是人所得福德,宁为多不?须菩提言:「甚多。世尊!何以故?是福德,即非福性。是故如来说福德多。」「若复有人,于此经中,受持乃至四句偈等,为他人说,其福胜彼。何以故?须菩提!一切诸佛,及诸佛阿耨多罗三藐三菩提法,皆从此经出。须菩提!所谓佛法者,即非佛法。」

佛说:「须菩提!如果有人以充满三千大千世界的金银七宝来行布施,你认为这个人所得的福德是不是很多?」须菩提回答世尊说:「当然是很多。为什么呢?因为这只是世间福德《福报》,世间的福报是可以用多少来衡量的,这跟我们自性中无形无相不能细数无量清静的福德完全没有关系。然而就以人世间着相布施所得福报而言,如来说这个人所得的福德多。」如来佛又说:「如果有人,受持这整部般若经,或者少到只是以其中的四句偈等,不但使自己了悟清静,也宣说使别人能够了悟清静,那么他所得到的福德,比前面说的用三千大千世界的七宝布施所得福德来得更为殊圣。为什么呢?须菩提!因为一切诸佛,及成佛的无上正等正觉菩提法,皆从此般若经缘生的。须菩提!所谓佛法的目的在于引导众生由迷失返回觉悟,不得已所取的假名,当觉悟的时候,佛法也不需要了」

一相无相分第九

「须菩提!于意云何?须陀洹能作是念,我得须陀洹果不?」须菩提言:「不也。世尊!何以故?须陀洹名为入流,而无所入;不入色、声、香、味、触、法。是名须陀洹。」「须菩提!于意云何?斯陀含能作是念,我得斯陀含果不?」须菩提言:「不也。世尊!何以故?斯陀含名一往来,而实无往来,是名斯陀含。」「须菩提,于意云何?阿那含能作是念,我得阿那含果不?」须菩提言:「不也。世尊!何以故?阿那含名为不来,而实无不来,是故名阿那含。」「须菩提!于意云何?阿罗汉能作是念,我得阿罗汉道不?」须菩提言:「不也。世尊!何以故?实无有法名阿罗汉。世尊!若阿罗汉作是念,我得阿罗汉道,即为着我、人、众生、寿者。世尊!佛说我得无诤三昧,人中最为第一,是第一离欲阿罗汉。世尊!我不作是念:『我是离欲阿罗汉。』世尊!我若作是念,我得阿罗汉道,世尊则不说须菩提是乐阿兰那行者,以须菩提实无所行,而名须菩提,是乐阿兰那行。」

佛说:「须菩提,你的意思怎样?一个修行者如果还不能达到顿悟真空的境界,但能强制他的欲望,使六尘之相不能进入他的心灵,也就是修行境界上所称声闻初果的圣者,会有我已证得声闻初果的想法吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「不可以的,为什么呢?因为证得声闻初果的修行人,虽然已进入圣人之流,但证得声闻初果的修行人,内心是不执着已证得声闻初果。而且也不执着艳丽的美色、悦耳的声音、香浓的美味、可口的食物、舒服的触感以及一切万法,所以才能称得上已证得声闻初果的圣者。」佛陀又说:「须菩提!你的意思怎样?已证得声闻第二果的圣者,能起这样的念头,我已证声闻第二果的想法吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「不可以的!为什么呢?因为证得证声闻第二果的修行人,内心的境界虽然已达到至为宁静,可是他的心与外接触时还是会产生一生一灭的现象,这种现象我们称它为「一往来」,虽然他的心还会产生一生一灭的现象,但是他们不会因此而产生第二个生灭的念头,也就是在前念生起的时候,后念就已经自然化解掉了,心不执着生灭的相,这才是真正的证得证声闻第二果的修行人」。佛又问须菩提说:「你的意思怎样?已证得声闻第三果的修行人,能起这样的念头,我已证声闻第三果的想法吗?」须菩提回答世尊说: 「不可以的!为什么呢?因为证得第三果的修行人,能处在各种现象中,心中已达到无我的境界,更没有尘识思惑及欲望,这才是真正证得声闻第三果的修行人。佛又问须菩提说:「你的意思怎样?证得阿罗汉果的圣者,会有我已得阿罗汉果的想法吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「不会的,不会起这样的想法。为什么呢?因为在阿罗汉心中一切相与法早已俱灭所以才称为阿罗汉。假使证得阿罗汉果位的圣者,会有我有得阿罗汉果的想法,那么他的心中已执着我相﹝对于自我的意念执着﹞、人相﹝人我的对待意念﹞、众生相﹝自以为是为众生求永生、为众生服务以及认为对方是因为执着或业力所受生﹞、寿者相﹝执着长寿、永生﹞,那他就已经远离阿罗汉的境界了。世尊!您曾经这样赞许过我,赞许我无争竞之心已到精妙处,赞许我在诸弟子中为解空第一,达到第一修行离欲功夫的阿罗汉。世尊!我虽蒙师父您如此的称赞,但我仍然默默的修持,从来没有我已证得了离欲阿罗汉的念头。世尊!如果我有得了阿罗汉的念头,便是产生妄念,如何证得六欲皆空的阿罗汉。如果是这样,佛陀您就不会说我是好于寂静的修行人,就因为我心无所得,也无所失,不执着一切相,行而不执着行,一切无欲无求,所以师父您才称赞我是好寂静的修行人」。

庄严净土分第十

佛告须菩提:「于意云何?如来昔在然灯佛所,于法有所得不?」「不也,世尊!如来在然灯佛所,于法实无所得。」「须菩提!于意云何?菩萨庄严佛土不?」「不也。世尊!何以故?庄严佛土者,即非庄严,是名庄严。」「是故,须菩提!诸菩萨摩诃萨,应如是生清净心,不应住色生心,不应住声、香、味、触、法生心,应无所住,而生其心。须菩提!譬如有人,身如须弥山王,于意云何?是身为大不?」须菩提言:「甚大。世尊!何以故?佛说非身,是名大身。」

佛说:「须菩提!你认为以前如来我在与然灯佛会晤时,从他那儿有没有得到什么成佛之法?」须菩提回答世尊说:「您当初在与然灯佛会晤时,实在没有从他那里得到什么成佛之法,因为佛性是要自悟才能自度」。佛又问须菩提说:「你认为菩萨执着有形有相的佛土庄严吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「不是这样的,为什么呢?因为你所说庄严佛土的意思,是回到清静佛性本体,不是执着在形相上的庄严,」佛又说:「就因为如此,须菩提!所以成就的大菩萨们应该像这样一心不乱,生清净心,不可执着在色、声、香、味、触、法之上产生意念。否则便受六尘所蒙蔽、束缚,妄念旋起,心怎么能清净呢?所以我们应该生发出无所执着的心。须菩提!譬如有人,他的身体像须弥山王那么大,你认为他的身体形状是不是很大?」须菩提回答世尊说:「非常大。但是这个人身体形状虽然很大,但不能称为大身。为什么呢?因为他的身形再大,也是有生灭;而师父您说的是非形相真身﹝自性﹞,此真身包太虚、周法界、无住无相,哪里是有形的须弥山所能比拟的呢?这才是真正能称为大身。」

无为福胜分第十一

「须菩提!如恒河中所所沙数,如是沙等恒河,于意云何?是诸恒河沙,宁为多不?」须菩提言:「甚多。世尊!但诸恒河,尚多无数,何况其沙?」「须菩提!我今实言告汝,若有善男子、善女人,以七宝满尔所恒河沙数三千大千世界,以用布施,得福多不?」须菩提言:「甚多。世尊!」佛告须菩提:「若善男子、善女人,于此经中,乃至受持四句偈等,为他人说,而此福德,胜前福德。」

佛说:「须菩提!如用恒河中所有的沙数来作比喻,以一粒沙比喻为一条恒河,那么所有恒河内的所有沙,你认为多或是不多呢?」须菩提回答世尊说:「非常多。以每粒沙各代表一条恒河,河尚且就有无数多,何况是所有河中沙的数量!」佛又说:「须菩提,我实在告诉你,如果有想修习佛道的男女,以一粒沙当作一个世界,用充满如恒河沙数量那么多的三千大千世界的七宝来布施,那他所得的福德是不是很多?」须菩提回答世尊说:「当然很多」佛又告诉须菩提说:「如果有想修习佛道的男女,为他人演说此经,甚至只是四句偈等,这个法施所得的福德比前面用无数七宝布施所得的福德来得殊圣。」

尊重正教分第十二

复次:「须菩提!随说是经,乃至四句偈等,当知此处,一切世间天、人、阿修罗,皆应供养,如佛塔庙。何况有人,尽能受持、读诵。须菩提!当知是人,成就最上第一希有之法;若是经典所在之处,即为有佛,若尊重弟子。」

佛再进一步的说:「须菩提!如果有人在任何地方,讲解这整部经点,甚至只有讲解其中的四句偈等,使那些听讲经的人妄念消除,了悟佛性。应当知道此一讲经的地方,一切天道的菩萨神明、人道的众生、阿修罗道的恶魔,都应该恭敬供养,作礼散花,好像供养佛的塔庙一样。更何况是有人能够受持读诵这本般若经典以求领悟。须菩提!你可知这种人能成就世上第一希有的无上菩提法。因为这部经典是佛陀讲述,让世人了悟本身自性的一部经典,所以这部经典所在的地方,就好像有佛在那里,并且我们要对修持读诵这部金刚经的人,也像尊重佛的弟子一样尊重」。

如法受持分第十三

尔时,须菩提白佛言:「世尊!当何名此经?我等云何奉持?」佛告须菩提:「是经名为金刚般若波罗蜜,以是名字,汝当奉持。所以者何?须菩提!佛说般若波罗蜜,即非般若波罗蜜,是名般若波罗蜜。须菩提!于意云何?如来有所说法不?须菩提白佛言:「世尊!如来无所说。」 「须菩提!于意云何?三千大千世界所有微尘,是为多不?」须菩提言:「甚多。世尊!」「须菩提!诸微尘,如来说非微尘,是名微尘。如来说世界非世界,是名世界。须菩提,于意云何?可以三十二相见如来不?」「不也。世尊!不可以三十二相得见如来。何以故?如来说三十二相,即是非相,是名三十二相。」「须菩提!若有善男子、善女人,以恒河沙等身命布施,若复有人,于此经中,乃至受持四句偈等,为他人说,其福甚多!」

那个时候,须菩提向佛陀请教:「世尊!此部经应该取什么名字?以及我们应该怎样受持奉行此经典?」佛就告诉须菩提说:「这部经就取名为金刚般若波罗蜜,也就是要以至高无上的妙智慧到达彼岸,这个名字有无上的意义存在,所以你们应当恭敬护持。为什么取这个名字呢?须菩提!我所说的般若波罗蜜,是妙觉本性,此妙觉本性空如太虚。本体既然是虚无,那里还会有什么名字。不过恐怕人生断见,以及为便于众弟子奉持不得已勉强取这个『金刚般若波罗蜜』的名称,。佛问须菩提!你认为我有所说法吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「觉悟的本性已经是脱离言说、文字、形相的执着,所以世尊在您心中并没有“自己有所说法”的念头。」佛又说:「须菩提!你认为三千大千世界里所有的微尘是不是很多?」须菩提回答世尊说:「非常多」佛又说:「须菩提!微尘虽然是很多,但是都没有自主性,都是因为因缘而有,也会因为因缘而散失,一切只是幻化而已,所以说是非微尘,只不过假借一个名称,称它是微尘。同样的道理,我说世界虽然广大,也是没有自主性,会因为因缘而毁坏,所以它也是虚空不实的,为了方便言说,不得已假借一个名称,称它是世界。」佛又问须菩提说:「你认为可以用佛的庄严三十二外表相得见如来本体吗?」须菩提回答说:「不可以,世尊!不可以用佛的三十二庄严外表相见到如来本体。为什么呢?因为您所说的三十二相,是属于因缘假合所现的短暂现象,他根本没有实在可自主的相存在,所以他也是假借的名称,称它为三十二相。」佛又再提醒说:「须菩提!若有善男子或善女人,以恒河沙那么多相等数量的生命来布施众生,以牺牲生命来布施以求福德。再说假如有另一种人,受持讲说此整部经典,甚而少到只以此经中四句偈等深体领悟为别人演说,让众生能够了悟自身佛性,他持经布施所得的福,比前面说的舍身布施所得的福更多。」

离相寂灭分第十四

尔时,须菩提闻说是经,深解义趣,涕泪悲泣,而白佛言:「希有!世尊。佛说如是什深经典,我从昔来所得慧眼,未曾得闻如是之经。世尊!若复有人得闻是经,信心清净,即生实相。当知是人成就第一希有功德。世尊!是实相者,则是非相,是故如来说名实相。世尊!我今得闻如是经典,信解受持不足为难,若当来世后五百岁,其有众生,得闻是经,信解受持,是人则为第一希有。何以故?此人无我相、人相、众生相、寿者相,所以者何?我相,即是非相;人相、众生相、寿者相,即是非相。何以故?离一切诸相,则名诸佛。」佛告须菩提:「如是,如是!若复有人,得闻是经,不惊、不怖、不畏,当知是人,甚为希有。何以故?须菩提!如来说第一波罗蜜即非第一波罗蜜,是名第一波罗蜜。须菩提!忍辱波罗蜜,如来说非忍辱波罗蜜,是名忍辱波罗蜜。何以故?须菩提!如我昔为歌利王割截身体,我于尔时,无我相、无人相、无众生相,无寿者相。何以故?我于往昔节节支解时,若有我相、人相、众生相、寿者相,应生瞋恨。须菩提!又念过去于五百世,作忍辱仙人,于尔所世,无我相、无人相、无众生相、无寿者相。是故,须菩提!菩萨应离一切相,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心,不应住色生心,不应住声、香、味、触、法生心,应生无所住心。若心有住,即为非住。是故佛说菩萨心,不应住色布施。须菩提!菩萨为利益一切众生故,应如是布施。如来说一切诸相,即是非相;又说一切众生,即非众生。须菩提!如来是真语者、实语者、如语者、不诳语者、不异语者。须菩提!如来所得此法,此法无实无虚。须菩提!若菩萨心住于法,而行布施,如人入暗,则无所见。若菩萨心不住法,而行布施,如人有目日光明照,见种种色。须菩提!当来之世,若有善男子、善女人,能于此经受持、读诵,则为如来,以佛智慧,悉知是人,悉见是人,皆得成就无量无边功德。」

那时,须菩提听如来佛说到这里,心中已经深悟佛理,感动的流下泪来。不禁向如来佛赞叹了一声:「希有的世尊!您所说这个深奥的经典,即使在从前,我虽具有慧眼,也能一闻千悟,却是未曾听得如此深奥的经。我既闻此经,自性清净中,已悟本有全真的实相。如果有人,闻得此经,发出笃信之心、纯正清净之心,毫无尘念,而达到心即是佛的实在本相,可知道这种人,是成就第一希有功德的人。但是,世尊!究竟这般若实相,不是一般所说有形的东西,这般若实相,空如太虚、没有行迹,但为引导众生离开执着而找回本心,不得不假借一个名称,称之为实相,修持证悟的人仍然不可执着。世尊,此经我听到这里,已能了解其中的妙理,信奉修持,应该不是难事。倘若佛陀您圆寂两千年之后,离开师父您住世说法时期已久远的茫茫苦海众生,听到此经而能信解受持的人,实在是太难得了。为什么呢?因为这个人顿悟真空,必无我相、人相、众生相、寿者相,就因为他已经了悟我相、人相、众生相、寿者相是非实有的相,而是由内心执着而来,所以能够离一切相,他的心达到觉悟空寂的境地,这个内心的境地与诸佛并驾齐驱,可以称为佛的境地。」佛告诉须菩提说:「你说对了!你说对了!当知后世如果有人,听到般若之妙法而内心不产生惊骇〈即不会认为言之过也〉、畏惧〈恐道之高也〉、退缩〈怯行之难也〉,而内心达到虚空平静,这种人实在是很少有的。为什么呢?须菩提!我现在所说第一捷径到达彼岸的方法,也就是以妙智慧破除烦恼而得解脱的方法,我把它称为第一波罗蜜,但你们仍然不可执着第一波罗蜜这个法、这个名相,因为一切法、一切名相,只是为了引导众生修持,而自性的本体是虚寂灵明的。须菩提!再说到忍辱波罗蜜,凡辱境之来,恬然处之,其心如同太虚,内不见其忍,外不见其辱就是忍辱波罗蜜,只是为便于示导众生,不得已给予一个名称,称它为忍辱波罗蜜。为什么呢?须菩提!就好比我的前生,被歌利王支解身体的时候,那时我心如虚空,无我相、人相、众生相、寿者相,否则当时我在被支解时,如果着此四相,必定生忿恨心。须菩提,我又想起过去五百世前,做忍辱仙人修忍辱之行时,就已经没有我人众生寿者四相。所以说,须菩提!菩萨之修行,首当空其心,离一切相,方能发无上正等正觉的菩提心。此心中不执着于色,不执着于声、香、味、触、法,要做到心无所住,此心才能圆通无碍。若于六尘中,一有执着,心便不能解脱,即非菩萨的住处。所以我说,菩萨心本来是虚而明,若执着于六尘就不能觉悟,我所谓的不应住色布施,原因就在于此。须菩提!菩萨不住色布施,发心广大,不是为己,自然有利于一切众生,应该要如此无相布施。而我所说的一切诸相,其真实的本体皆是空的,原是非相。而一切众生,如果能够见本性,妄心自离而入佛境,那么一切众生也就不是众生了。须菩提!我一向是讲真话的、讲实话的、而且是永恒不变的真理,我从来不说欺骗的话,也不说怪异的话。须菩提!如来对于法是不执着有也不执着空。须菩提!如果菩萨心执着于法而行布施,对于真理的体悟,就好像人进入黑暗的房子里面,什么东西都看不见。如果菩萨心不执着于法而行布施,就好像人张开眼睛,看见日光四照,以及种种颜色。须菩提!当我去世后,如果有善男子或善女人,对于此经能够受持读诵身体力行,就能到达菩提的觉位,成就自性如来,我当然知道此人,也必定以无上智慧照鉴他。而此人成就见性的功德,是无量无边的。 」

持经功德分第十五

「须菩提!若有善男子、善女人,初日分以恒河沙等身布施;中日分复以恒河沙等身布施;后日分亦以恒河沙等身布施,如是无量百千万亿劫,以身布施。若复有人,闻此经典,信心不逆,其福胜彼。何况书写、受持、读诵、为人解说。须菩提!以要言之,是经有不可思议,不可称量,无边功德,如来为发大乘者说,为发最上乘者说,若有人能受持、读诵、广为人说,如来悉知是人、悉见是人,皆得成就不可量、不可称、无有边、不可思议功德,如是人等,即为荷担如来阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。何以故?须菩提!若乐小法者,着我见、人见、众生见、寿者见,则于此经不能听受、读诵、为人解说。须菩提!在在处处,若有此经,一切世间,天、人、阿修罗所应供养,当知此处,则为是塔,皆应恭敬,作礼围绕,以诸华香而散其处。」

佛说:「须菩提!若有善男子或善女人,于一天当中,早晨以相当于恒河沙那么多数量的身体和生命布施,中午又以相当于恒河沙那么多数量的身体和生命布施,晚上也以相当于恒河沙那么多数量的身体和生命布施。照这样子经百千万亿劫之久,每日都如此布施。但是如果有人听闻此经,而能笃信且奉行不违逆,那么他所得的福是从自性源源不断的流露,胜过前面说的以身体和生命布施的人更来得无边无际。更何况是手写口诵、身体力行、为人解说此经的意义,不但自己明自己的自性,还使得人人见自本性。须菩提!简而言之,因为内心奉行此经所得的功德是不可以用心思口议,不可以用多少来称量,实在是无边际的。佛为启发大乘人,说此真空之妙;为启发最上乘的人,说此般若之法。如有大慧根的人,内心信受奉持此大乘之法,广为人阐发经义妙旨,如来我知晓这人,也能照见这人成就不可称量、没有边际,不可思议的功德。这人既能成就如此功德,就足以能够身担任宣扬如来无上正等正觉的人。为什么呢?因为如果是喜好执着于小乘法的人,因还有执着于我、人、众生、寿者等私见,对此上乘之法,不能理解以及听受读诵,更不知如何为人解说此经。须菩提!无论在任何地方,如果有此部经典所在的地方,一切人、天、鬼神都应当齐来护卫供养。当知此经所在之处,就等于是佛塔所在的地方。都应该恭敬,作礼围绕,并散布宝花妙香于此经所在之处。」

能净业障分第十六

复次:「须菩提!善男子、善女人,受持、读诵此经,若为人轻贱,是人先世罪业,应堕恶道。以今世人轻贱故,先世罪业,则为消灭,当得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。须菩提!我念过去无量阿僧祇劫,于然灯佛前,得值八百四千万亿那由他诸佛,悉皆供养承事,无空过者。若复有人,于后末世,能受持、读诵此经,所得功德,于我所供养诸佛功德,百分不及一,千万亿分,乃至算数譬喻所不能及。须菩提!若善男子、善女人,于后末世,有受持、读诵此经,所得功德,我若具说者,或有人闻,心则狂乱,狐疑不信。须菩提!当知是经义不可思议,果报亦不可思议。」

佛再进一步说明:「须菩提!如果有善男子或善女人,受持读诵此经,不但不能得到世人恭敬,却被世人所轻贱,原因是他累世所造的种种罪业,将来之世本来应该还要再堕入恶道中,受尽苦难。因他今世被人轻贱的缘故,前世所造的种种罪业就可以相互抵消。并且因为因除果现,罪灭福生,他所修持的般若妙智依然可以成就无上正等正觉。须菩提!我想到在历经无量数劫之前。也就是在未遇然灯佛前,曾供养无量数佛,且没有遗漏供养任何一尊佛。如果果后世之人能够信受奉持以及读诵此经,自然能见自本性,永离轮回,他持经所得的功德,比我以前供佛的功德,远胜百千万亿倍,以至于用算数或譬喻都无法表达。须菩提!若善男子或善女人于后末世,受持读诵此经,必得无量的功德。此功德我如果要详细说,恐怕慧根浅的人听闻到,内心产生狂乱质疑不相信。如来佛又对须菩提说!当知这部经的经义与果报相当深远,已经跳脱了一般世俗的思索。」

究竟无我分第十七

尔时,须菩提白佛言:「世尊,善男子、善女人,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心,云何应住?云何降伏其心?」佛告须菩提:「善男子、善女人,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心者,当生如是心:我应灭度一切众生;灭度一切众生已,而无有一众生实灭度者,何以故?须菩提若菩萨有我相、人相、众生相、寿者相,则非菩萨。所以者何?须菩提!实无有法,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心者。须菩提!于意云何?如来于然灯佛所,有法得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提不?」「不也。世尊!如我解佛所说义,佛于然灯佛所,无有法得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。 」佛言:「如是!如是!须菩提!实无有法,如来得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。须菩提!若有法如来得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提者,然灯佛即不与我授记:『汝于来世当得作佛,号释迦牟尼。』以实无有法,得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提,是故然灯佛与我授记,作是言:『汝于来世,当得作佛,号释迦牟尼。』何以故?如来者,即诸法如义。若有人言:如来得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提,须菩提!实无有法,佛得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。须菩提!如来所得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提,于是中无实无虚。是故如来说一切法,皆是佛法。须菩提!所言一切法者,即非一切法,是故名一切法。须菩提!譬如人身长大。」须菩提言:「世尊!如来说人身长大,则为非大身,是名大身。」「须菩提!菩萨亦如是。若作是言:『我当灭度无量众生。』则不名菩萨。何以故?须菩提!实无有法,名为菩萨。是故佛说:『一切法,无我、无人、无众生、无寿者。』须菩提!若菩萨作是言:『我当庄严佛土。』是不名菩萨。何以故?如来说庄严佛土者,即非庄严,是名庄严。须菩提!若菩萨通达无我法者,如来说名真是菩萨。」

那时,须菩提当着机会又问佛说:「已经发菩提心的男女,应该如何安住这菩提心?以及如何降伏妄念呢?」佛听了之后告诉须菩提说:「善男子、善女人要成就无上正等正觉,就应该自然散发这样的心念,灭除度脱一切众生的执着,使他们回归到清静的佛性,当灭除度脱一切众生的执着后,我们的内心不能有任何一点众生是我灭渡的念头,为什么呢?须菩提!一切众生菩提心本来人人具足,只因众生为尘俗所蒙蔽,所谓灭度,也必须是众生自悟才能自渡,说到究竟,实无一众生是我所灭度,外不见所渡的众生,内不见能渡众生的我。因为学道的菩萨,若执着我有灭度众生之心,则尚存有人、我、众生、寿者四相的执着,就不能称为菩萨了,这是什么原因呢?须菩提!原因是自性本是空寂,成就无上正等正觉的修行者,实在是不会执着有什么可以发菩提心之法。」佛又问须菩提说:「你的意思怎样?你认为我曾在然灯佛那里得到能成就无上正等正觉的菩提法吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「没有,根据我所了解世尊您所说的义理,世尊您在然灯佛那里也是自性自悟,并不是有什么法而使您证悟无上正等正觉。」佛陀听了之后说: 「是的!是的!须菩提!如来成就无上正等正觉,是在于心悟,实在没有执着外在的法。须菩提!如果必须有法才能证得无上正等正觉,代表内心还有对法的执着,然灯佛就不会给我授记,因为内心没有对法的执着,内心已达到究竟清净,所以然灯佛才给我授记并且说我来世必当成佛,名号为释迦牟尼。为什么这样子呢?因为如来这两个字的含义是如其本来的究竟清净,因此修行人的内心如果能达到如其本来的究竟清净才能成佛。假如有人说:『佛陀是得到无上正等正觉之法才成佛的』那就错了,须菩提!如来对于法是无所执着,一切佛法皆是方便而说、因缘而说,无上正等正觉也是假名而已。须菩提!如来所证悟无上正等正觉的佛心本性,是不着有也不着无的,所以我说一切的法,只要能自悟真如,都可称之为佛法。但是,须菩提!我所说的一切法,这只是个假名而已,是说给未开悟的人听,一旦开悟达到究竟清净,就不需要一切法了。须菩提!譬如有个人的身体高而且大,真的是大身吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「您所说的大身,是有生有灭的,仍是有限量的,如何能称之为大身?不过假借一个名,称之为大身而已。」佛又说:「须菩提!菩萨也是如此,真如清净才能称为菩萨。而度生本是菩萨份内的事,如果他执着一念,认为我是菩萨,应该灭度一切众生,便有我相的执着,就不能称之为菩萨。这是什么缘故呢?佛又说:须菩提!只有如此清静的人才能称为菩萨,没有对于法的执着,才能称为菩萨。所以佛说自性中不执着人、我、众生、寿者四相,真性中空空洞洞,不但无众生、也无所谓菩萨、可知更无所谓灭渡。须菩提!如果菩萨说:我应当整饰庄严佛的刹土,也是著于形相,不可称之为菩萨。因为这个缘故,佛说庄严佛土,非是外貌的庄严,只是假借一个名称,称之为庄严而已。须菩提!若能彻悟人空法空,没有我的执着,既然没有我的执着,何来渡众生与外在庄严佛土之心的执着,这样才能称得上真正的菩萨。

一体同观分第十八

「须菩提!于意云何?如来有肉眼不?」「如是,世尊!如来有肉眼。」「须菩提!于意云何?如来有天眼不?」「如是,世尊!如来有天眼。」 「须菩提!于意云何?如来有慧眼不?」「如是,世尊!如来有慧眼。」「须菩提!于意云何?如来有法眼不?」「如是,世尊!如来有法眼。」 「须菩提!于意云何?如来有佛眼不?」「如是,世尊!如来有佛眼。」「须菩提!于意云何?如恒河中所有沙,佛说是沙不?」「如是,世尊!如来说是沙。」「须菩提!于意云何?如一恒河中所有沙,有如是沙等恒河,是诸恒河所有沙数,佛世界如是,宁为多不?」 「甚多。世尊!」佛告须菩提:「尔所国土中,所有众生若干种心,如来悉知。何以故?如来说诸心,皆为非心,是名为心。所以者何?须菩提!过去心不可得,现在心不可得,未来心不可得。」

佛说:「须菩提!你认为我有一般人所具有的肉眼吗?」须若提回答说:「是的,世尊!您具有世俗的肉眼。」佛说:「须菩提!你认为我具有天人所具有,能看到人类肉眼所不能看见东西的天眼吗?」须菩提回答说:「是的,世尊!您具有天眼。」佛说:「须菩提!你认为我具有自性反观内照常明,使自己所见一切皆不迷惑的慧眼吗?」须菩提回答说:「是的,世尊!您具有慧眼。」佛说:「须菩提!你认为我具有洞澈一切万法以及万事万物皆是众缘合和而成,了解到一切都没有自主性,只是暂时的假相,所以对一切事物以及万法不执着的法眼吗?」须菩提回答说:「是的,世尊!您具有法眼。 」佛说:「须菩提!你认为我具有能看到究竟、实在、真正永恒不变真理的佛眼吗?」须菩提回答说:「是的,世尊!您具有佛眼。」佛又说:「须菩提!你认为在恒河中所有的沙,如来我说那是沙吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「是的,您说它是沙。」佛说:「那么,须菩提!如恒河中所有的沙,如果以其中一粒沙比作一恒河,再以所有恒河中的所有沙,以一粒沙比作一佛世界,你认为这样的佛世界是不是很多?」须菩提回答世尊说:「非常多」佛告诉须菩提说:「不必远说到那么多的佛世界,就拿你所在的国土中,所有众生的心思,随情而迁,逐境而生,种种心思颠倒妄想,我却能以清净的五眼完全知道。为什么呢?因为所有这些心思,皆是众生的妄心,并非本性常住的真心,只是假借一个名,称之为心罢了。这又为什么呢?须菩提!因为人的心思会随着时空以及环境而变化,而常住的真心事寂然不动的,所以对于过去不会起滞留的心,对于现在不会起执着的心,对于未来也不会起预期的心。

法界通化分第十九

「须菩提!于意云何?若有人满三千大千世界七宝,以用布施,是人以是因缘,得福多不?」「如是,世尊!此人以是因缘,得福甚多。」「须菩提!若福德有实,如来不说得福德多,以福德无故,如来说得福德多。」

佛陀继续说:「须菩提!你的意思怎样,如果有人用充满三千大千世界的七宝来行布施,你认为这个人所得的福德是不是很多?」须菩提回答世尊说:「是的,这人用这种因缘布施所得的福德非常多。」佛又说:「须菩提!如果执着福德是实有的,以这种执着福德相所行的布施,他所得的福报,也会因他所施行的因缘有限而会有尽头的时候,因此如来我说他所得的福德不多,如果他布施的时候,心能够像虚空般广大没有执着,他所得的福德也就能与虚空般广大相呼应,那么如来我才说是真福得多。」

离色离相分第二十

「须菩提!于意云何?佛可以具足色身见不?」「不也,世尊!如来不应以具足色身见。何以故?如来说具足色身,即非具足色身,是名具足色身。」「须菩提!于意云何?如来可以具足诸相见不?」「不也,世尊!如来不应以具足诸相见。何以故?如来说诸相具足,即非诸相具足,是名诸相具足。」

佛又问须菩提说:「你的意思怎样?佛可以用具足的色身来见到吗?」须菩提回答世尊说:「如来是不可以用具足的色身来见到的,这是什么原因呢?因为师父您所说的真正的具足身相指的应该是佛性本体,佛性本体虽然是无形无相,但能成就一切有形的庄严色身相。而有形体、可以看得见的具足庄严色身相,是会随因缘而变化的,并不是一个实有的相,此有形体具足庄严色身相只是一种假借的名称而已,不可执着」佛又问须菩提说:「你的意思怎样?如来可以用具足的诸相来见到吗?须菩提回答世尊说:「不可以。如来不可以用具足的诸相来见到,为什么呢?因为一切诸相也是好像我们的色身相一样会随因缘而变化,不是一个永恒实有的相。

非说所说分第二十一

「须菩提!汝勿谓如来作是念:我当有所说法。莫作是念!何以故?若人言如来有所说法,即为谤佛,不能解我所说故。须菩提!说法者,无法可说,是名说法。」尔时,慧命须菩提白佛言:「世尊!颇有众生,于未来世,闻说是法,生信心不?」佛言:「须菩提!彼非众生,非不众生。何以故?须菩提!众生,众生者,如来说非众生,是名众生。」

佛告诉须菩提说:「你不要以为如来有『我应当或我曾经为众生说佛法』这样的念头,我只是随顺机缘以及悟性来指点大众,未尝有过说法的念头,为什么呢?如果如来执着有所说法,就表示如来仍拘泥于文字、言说以及法,有所执着当然就不是佛。所以如果有人说『佛陀为众生说了许多佛法』,那个人就是在毁谤我,不了解我说的真正义理,才会这么说。须菩提!自性本体是无形无相的、是妙用无穷的,岂能够用言语表达尽净,但为了消除众生的执着迷惑,不得已而说,这样不执着的心才是真正的说法,所以『说法』这两个字,只是勉强取的名称而已。」那时,须菩提向如来佛禀白说:「世尊!恐怕未来世很多众生,听到这个对于法不执着的妙理,不知能否生信心。」佛回答须菩提说:「众生本来各具有佛性,所以说他们不是众生,但他们尚未解脱妄心,所以他们还是众生。为什么呢?须菩提!众生之所以为众生是因为尚未了悟,如果能了悟,当下就是佛,而不在是众生了,所以众生这只不过是一个假借的名称而已。」

无法可得分第二十二

须菩提白佛言:「世尊!佛得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提,为无所得耶?」佛言:「如是!如是!须菩提!我于阿耨多罗三藐三菩提,乃至无有少法可得,是名阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。」

须菩提向如来佛禀问说:「世尊!您对于正等正觉菩提心,以及正等正觉的菩提心法,内心真的是一点得到的念头都没有吗?」佛回答须菩提说:「正是如此!须菩提!因为菩提自性是人人原本就具足,并且圆满周遍,所以我对于正等正觉菩提心,以及正等正觉菩提心法,丝毫都没有所得的念头,这才是真正证悟无上正等正觉的人」。

净心行善分第二十三

复次:「须菩提!是法平等,无有高下,是名阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。以无我、无人、无众生、无寿者,修一切善法,则得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。须菩提!所言善法者,如来说即非善法,是名善法。」

佛再进一步的向须菩提说明:「我所说的无上正等正觉之法的本体,所指的就是我们得佛性,此佛性在圣不增,在凡不减,并且人人具足,世世相同,所以说是平等。并且佛与众生没有高下的不同,所以才称之为无上正等正觉。用没有我、人、众生、寿者等执着之心修一切善法,就可以证悟无上正等正觉。须菩提!如来我所说善法的本体,所指的就是我们的自然妙性,这个自然妙性,原本就没有善恶对待的执着,只是为了开悟众生了悟本自具有的佛性的一切法,不得已假借一个名称,称他为善法。」

福智无比分第二十四

「须菩提!若三千大千世界中,所有诸须弥山王,如是等七宝聚,有人持用布施。若人以此般若波罗蜜经,乃至四句偈等,受持、读诵,为他人说,于前福德,百分不及一,百千万亿分,乃至算数譬喻所不能及。」

佛说:「须菩提!如果有人用七宝堆积起来多得如三千大千世界所有须弥山那么多来行布施;另外如果有人信受奉行这个般若波罗蜜经,不管是全部,或者是其中一部分,或者少到只以其中的四句偈来为人讲说,使自己或他人都能了悟,回归个人清净的本体,那么前者以七宝布施所得的福德比不上后者所得福德的百千万亿分之一,甚至是不能用算数的譬喻所能算的。」因为住相布施所得的福报,就好像是射箭,力道尽了的时后终将墬落。反之能够深入了悟般若本性,就能够得到无边无尽的解脱自在,这个福胜过住相布施所得的福报。

化无所化分第二十五

「须菩提!于意云何?汝等勿谓如来作是念:『我当度众生。』须菩提!莫作是念!何以故?实无有众生如来度者。若有众生如来度者,如来即有我、人、众生、寿者。须菩提!如来说有我者,则非有我,而凡夫之人,以为有我。须菩提!凡夫者,如来说则非凡夫,是名凡夫。」

佛问须菩提说:「你的意思怎样?你们不要认为如来在度化众生的时候,有『我当下是在度化众生』这样的念头。须菩提!不要有这样得念头,为什么呢?因为众生的般若妙智慧,与佛并没有两样。众生能够由迷转悟,是众生的自性自己所渡化,不是靠佛来渡化。如来在渡众生的时候,如果起了众生能够了悟是如来我所度化的念头,那么如来我就会因为执着而起了能渡化众生的我相、被我渡化的人相、所渡化的众生相、能够成就的寿者相,那就不是一个已经领悟到自性本体的如来了。须菩提!如来口中所说到这个我字,只是不得已所下的一个代名词而已,内心实际上没有这个“我”的执着存在,而在凡夫的境界,则执着我相的存在,以为是我度化他们。须菩提!事实上佛与凡夫本性是相同的,迷则为凡夫,悟则成佛,不过在他们未了悟之时,暂且勉强称之为凡夫而已。」

法身非相分第二十六

「须菩提!于意云何?可以三十二相观如来不?」须菩提言:「如是!如是!以三十二相观如来。」佛言:「须菩提!若以三十二相观如来者,转轮圣王即是如来。」须菩提白佛言:「世尊!如我解佛所说义,不应以三十二相观如来。」尔时,世尊而说偈言:「若以色见我,以音声求我,是人行邪道,不能见如来。」

佛问须菩提说:「你的意思怎样?你认为可以用外在的三十二庄严身相,去判断他是不是佛吗?」须菩提回答说:「应该可以!应该可以!可以用外在的三十二庄严身相,去判断他是不是佛。」佛因此知道须菩提尚未明白其中的深义,于是说:「须菩提!转轮圣王,因为福业厚重,所以也具有三十二庄严身相,如果可以用外在的三十二庄严身相,去判断是不是佛,那么你看到转轮圣王,岂不是也会认为他是佛?」须菩提听了之后立即明白佛所说的道理,并且回答说:「世尊!我已了解您所说的道理,不应该用外在的三十二庄严身相,来判断他是不是佛。」这个时候,如来看时机已成熟,于是告诫他们离相的偈语:「你们如果执着于外表的形色,或者是执着一切音声,想要用此二者来证悟我们的真如本性,代表这个人心已外放,向外求法,殊不知佛是须要向心中求,而不是心外求,所以如果有执着向外追求的行为,那便是正路不走,偏走邪路,执着于外在的尘、相、境界,因为有所执着,所以就不能了悟自性如来的本体。

无断无灭分第二十七

「须菩提!汝若作是念:『如来不以具足相故,得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。」须菩提!莫作是念:『如来不以具足相故,得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。 』须菩提!汝若作是念,发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心者,说诸法断灭。莫作是念!何以故?发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心者,于法不说断灭相。 』

佛所说的无相,是教人离一切相,而不是教人灭相,不但心中不执着一切形相,也没有一个断灭相的产生。同样的道理,所谓的无法相的意思,就是不但心中没有法的执着,也没有一个法的断灭相产生。接续上章的法义,佛深恐世人对于相产生断灭的想法,所以佛告诉须菩提说:「你如果这样想:如来是因为心中把圆满的三十二色身相断灭了的缘故,才得以证得无上菩提,那你就错了。须菩提!你千万不可有这种想法,认为如来我心中断灭了圆满的三十二色身相才得以证得无上菩提。须菩提!对于一切法也是一样,虽然一切万法随因缘而生灭,如梦幻泡影,修行的人不要对法产生执着,但心中也不要对法有断灭的念头产生,为什么呢?因为发无上正等正觉心的菩萨,必定自觉觉人觉行圆满,用尽万法使得众生内心能够自我觉悟,怎么会对于万法有必须断灭的想法说词呢?」

不受不贪分第二十八

「须菩提!若菩萨以满恒河沙等世界七宝,持用布施。若复有人,知一切法无我,得成于忍。此菩萨胜前菩萨所得功德。何以故?须菩提!以诸菩萨不受福德故。」须菩提白佛言:「世尊!云何菩萨,不受福德?」「须菩提!菩萨所作福德,不应贪着,是故说:不受福德。」

佛告诉须菩提说:「如果有人行菩萨道的时候,他内心执着于福德,虽然是用积满了恒河沙数量那么多世界的七宝拿来布施,所得的福德表面上看起来好像是很多,实际上却是有限度的。另外如果有人在修菩萨道的时候,同样是去布施、去弘法,但是他心中不执着功德,更没有我的意念执着,对于一切欲望与执着内心不需要强忍,而内心自然清净无染,达到一切『无忍、忘忍』的自在境界。这样修菩萨道的人所得功德,比起前面所说执着七宝布施所修菩萨道的人,所得的功德还要来得殊圣。这是什么原因呢?因为一个真正的菩萨,内心是不会受到福德束缚的缘故。须菩提于是问世尊说:「为什么一个真正的菩萨内心不会受到福德的束缚呢?」佛告诉须菩提说:「菩萨度众生布施及利益一切众生,是自性自然流露的行为,所以不会有贪着福德的现象产生,所以才说菩萨不会受到福德的束缚。」

威仪寂静分第二十九

「须菩提!若有人言:『如来若来、若去;若坐、若卧。』是人不解我所说义。何以故?如来者,无所从来,亦无所去,故名如来。」

佛告诉须菩提说:「如果有人因为如来我有行、住、坐、卧四种威仪相的缘故,就称我是如来,或是想在行、住、坐、卧四种威仪中去证悟无相的法身如来,表示这个人心中还是执着于形相,不了解我所说的义理,为什么呢?因为如来真正所指的是我们的佛性本体,而不是外在的形相。当众生内心被尘垢遮蔽的时候,非是佛性离去。当觉悟的时候,佛性呈现,这个时候佛性也不是从别处而来。此佛性本体是充满法界,寂然不动,感而遂通的,所以称为如来。

一合理相分第三十

「须菩提!若善男子、善女人,以三千大千世界碎为微尘;于意云何?是微尘众,宁为多不?」须菩提言:「甚多。世尊!何以故?若是微尘众实有者,佛则不说是微尘众。所以者何?佛说微尘众,即非微尘众,是名微尘众。世尊!如来所说三千大千世界,则非世界,是名世界。何以故?若世界实有者,即是一合相;如来说一合相,则非一合相,是名一合相。」「须菩提!一合相者,则是不可说,但凡夫之人,贪着其事。」

佛说:「须菩提!如果有善男子或善女人,将三千大千世界,捣碎成为微尘,你认为这些微尘是不是很多呢?」须菩提回答世尊说:「非常多。为什么呢?如果众多微尘是实在永存的实体,佛就不会说是微尘多了﹝众微尘是因为因缘而来,也一直在随因缘而变化,而为了分别当下的状态,不得已把它取名作微尘﹞。这是什么缘故呢?因为您所说的这些众微尘,它是随因缘而生灭变化没有自主性,只是假借一个名,称他是微尘众。世尊!您所称的三千大千世界,同样也是因缘和合的短暂现象,不是真实永久存在,所以假借一个名,称它为世界。为什么呢?倘若说这世界是实有的话,也只不过是许多东西的结合体而已,我们勉强把它称为一合相,而佛陀您说的一合相,其实只是假借之名而已,因为凡是有结合就有分散,没有实在不变的,所以一合相也只是假借之名而已。佛继续说:「须菩提!世界是许多东西的结合体,这是不可否认的事实,可是这些结合体之间是一直在变化的、没有一定的、它时而结合、时而分散,连佛陀我也难以解说,可是世俗的人喜欢谈论它,而不知当下它只是变化中一个短暂的现象而已,说来说去又有什么用,这就是众生贪恋眼前的事物,所以才会迷失本性啊。」

知见不生分第三十一

「须菩提!若人言:『佛说我见、人见、众生见、寿者见。』须菩提!于意云何?是人解我所说义不?」「不也,世尊!是人不解如来所说义。何以故?世尊说我见、人见、众生见、寿者见,即非我见、人见、众生见、寿者见,是名我见、人见、众生见、寿者见。」「须菩提!发阿耨多罗三藐三菩提心者,于一切法,应如是知、如是见、如是信解,不生法相。须菩提!所言法相者,如来说即非法相,是名法相。」

须菩提!如果有人说:佛陀常常讲到『我见、人见、众生见、寿者见』,是不是佛陀内心还有『我见、人见、众生见、寿者见』的执着存在呢?须菩提!你认为这个人真的了解我所说的义理吗? 」须菩提回答世尊说:不了解的,这个人并不了解您所说的义理。为什么呢?因为您提到我见、人见、众生见、寿者见,只是为了便于让凡夫了解佛的深意而说,事实上佛的内心早已超脱我见、人见、众生见、寿者见的执着,而我见、人见、众生见、寿者见只是一个为了教化众生假借的名称而已。佛又说:「须菩提!凡是发无上正等正觉菩提心的人,对于一切佛法,应该有不执着佛法的名相这样的认知,这样的相信,这样的了解。须菩提!为什么我说要了悟佛法的真义,而不要执着佛法的名相呢?因为一切佛法的名相,就相来说,虽有一切相的假名,但就空寂的自性来说,他是无所执着的。

应化非真分第三十二

「须菩提!若有人以满无量阿僧祇世界七宝,持用布施。若有善男子、善女人,发菩提心者,持于此经,乃至四句偈等,受持、读诵,为人演说,其福胜彼。云何为人演说?不取于相,如如不动。何以故?一切有为法,如梦幻泡影;如露亦如电,应作如是观。」佛说是经已,长老须菩提,及诸比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷,一切世间天、人、阿修罗,闻佛所说,皆大欢喜,信受奉行。

佛对须菩提说:「如果有人将无穷尽的世界都填满七宝来行布施。还不如有善男子或善女人,发无上菩提心,信受奉持以及读诵这整部经典,甚至少到只是信受奉持以及读诵其中的四句偈等,不但使自己领悟,也使别人领悟佛性,那么此人因此得到的福德胜过前面所说用填满无量世界七宝布施的人。为什么为人演说的时候,内心不但不能对相有所执着,而且内心还要如如不动呢?因为世间,凡是有所为而成的法,都是生灭无常,好像梦一样的虚幻、好像泡沫和影子一样的没有自主性、又有如朝露和电一般的不能长久,你们应该有这样的体认。」佛反覆阐明般若之法,至此已说解完毕。长老须菩提,与同时在法会听经的僧人、女尼、善男、信女、及一切世间的天人鬼神等,听完佛陀所说的般若大法,每个内心都法喜充满,深信佛陀所说的妙法,并且依照佛陀所说的妙法去修行。

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